Table 1 Study characteristics
From: Clinical performance comparators in audit and feedback: a review of theory and evidence
Characteristic | Randomised controlled trials (n = 146); n (%) | Qualitative studies (n = 65); n (%) |
|---|---|---|
Publication date | ||
 2012–2016 | 2 (1) | 42 (65) |
 2006–2011 | 36 (25) | 15 (23) |
 1996–2005 | 76 (52) | 8 (12) |
 1986–1995 | 20 (14) | – |
 Before 1986 | 12 (8) | – |
Risk of bias | ||
 Low risk | 47 (32) | 9 (14) |
 Moderate/unclear | 73 (50) | 47 (72) |
 High | 26 (18) | 9 (14) |
Continent | ||
 North America | 82 (56) | 22 (34) |
 Europe | 46 (32) | 37 (57) |
 Australia | 11 (8) | 2 (3) |
 Africa | 2 (1) | 2 (3) |
 Asia | 4 (2) | 0 (0) |
 South America | 0 (0) | 2 (3) |
Clinical setting | ||
 Outpatient | 99 (68) | 31 (48) |
 Inpatient | 37 (25) | 30 (46) |
 Other/unclear | 10 (7) | 4 (7) |
Clinical topic | ||
 Diabetes/cardiovascular disease management | 32 (22) | 20 (31) |
 Laboratory testing/radiology | 21 (14) | 0 (0) |
 Prescribing | 33 (23) | 11 (17) |
 Other (e.g. preventive care, nursing, surgery) | 52 (36) | 34 (52) |