| All sources | Peer-reviewed sources | Other dental sources | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Basic model | Practice context model | Human capital model | Full model | Basic model | Practice context model | Human capital model | Full model | Basic model | Practice context model | Human capital model | Full model |
Female dentist | − 0.244* | − 0.215* | − 0.102 | − 0.089 | − 0.141* | − 0.110 | − 0.095 | − 0.079 | − 0.102 | − 0.105 | − 0.007 | − 0.010 |
 | (0.105) | (0.107) | (0.110) | (0.111) | (0.062) | (0.063) | (0.066) | (0.066) | (0.067) | (0.068) | (0.069) | (0.069) |
Under-represented minority dentist | − 0.008 | − 0.038 | − 0.085 | − 0.104 | − 0.114 | − 0.125 | − 0.166 | −0.169 | 0.106 | 0.086 | 0.081 | 0.065 |
 | (0.154) | (0.155) | (0.152) | (0.153) | (0.088) | (0.088) | (0.086) | (0.086) | (0.097) | (0.099) | (0.100) | (0.101) |
Solo practitioner | 0.391** | 0.296* | 0.272* | 0.228 | 0.109 | 0.051 | 0.053 | 0.032 | 0.282*** | 0.244** | 0.219** | 0.196* |
 | (0.124) | (0.131) | (0.127) | (0.132) | (0.074) | (0.078) | (0.076) | (0.079) | (0.077) | (0.081) | (0.079) | (0.083) |
Dentist practices full-time | 0.253 | 0.222 | 0.327 | 0.294 | 0.180 | 0.152 | 0.175 | 0.149 | 0.073 | 0.070 | 0.152 | 0.145 |
 | (0.172) | (0.178) | (0.167) | (0.172) | (0.097) | (0.100) | (0.098) | (0.100) | (0.101) | (0.104) | (0.099) | (0.101) |
Dentist practices in one office only | 0.035 | 0.082 | 0.045 | 0.074 | 0.046 | 0.061 | 0.045 | 0.050 | − 0.011 | 0.021 | − 0.001 | 0.024 |
 | (0.138) | (0.136) | (0.135) | (0.134) | (0.083) | (0.083) | (0.080) | (0.081) | (0.085) | (0.083) | (0.084) | (0.083) |
Rural practice | Â | 0.578 | Â | 0.488 | Â | 0.106 | Â | 0.071 | Â | 0.473* | Â | 0.416* |
 |  | (0.342) |  | (0.360) |  | (0.179) |  | (0.191) |  | (0.196) |  | (0.198) |
Number of complex procedures routinely conducted |  | 0.013 |  | − 0.036 |  | 0.050 |  | 0.004 |  | − 0.038 |  | − 0.040 |
 |  | (0.070) |  | (0.072) |  | (0.042) |  | (0.044) |  | (0.044) |  | (0.045) |
Number of standard procedures routinely conducted | Â | 0.176*** | Â | 0.146** | Â | 0.077** | Â | 0.060* | Â | 0.099*** | Â | 0.087** |
 |  | (0.047) |  | (0.046) |  | (0.027) |  | (0.027) |  | (0.029) |  | (0.029) |
Number of patients per week |  | 0.002 |  | 0.026 |  | 0.014 |  | 0.026 |  | − 0.013 |  | 0.000 |
 |  | (0.041) |  | (0.041) |  | (0.023) |  | (0.023) |  | (0.025) |  | (0.025) |
Professional age (years since dental school) | Â | Â | 0.016*** | 0.016*** | Â | Â | 0.002 | 0.002 | Â | Â | 0.014*** | 0.014*** |
 |  |  | (0.005) | (0.005) |  |  | (0.003) | (0.003) |  |  | (0.003) | (0.003) |
Advanced training |  |  | 0.208 | 0.195 |  |  | 0.368*** | 0.356*** |  |  | − 0.160* | − 0.161* |
 |  |  | (0.124) | (0.126) |  |  | (0.072) | (0.074) |  |  | (0.080) | (0.081) |
Research experience | Â | Â | 0.128 | 0.114 | Â | Â | 0.085 | 0.078 | Â | Â | 0.043 | 0.036 |
 |  |  | (0.113) | (0.113) |  |  | (0.065) | (0.065) |  |  | (0.071) | (0.071) |
PBRN skill motive | Â | Â | 0.563*** | 0.505*** | Â | Â | 0.257*** | 0.232*** | Â | Â | 0.306*** | 0.273*** |
 |  |  | (0.112) | (0.114) |  |  | (0.066) | (0.067) |  |  | (0.070) | (0.070) |
Constant | 2.328*** | 1.841*** | 1.435*** | 0.976** | 1.531*** | 1.249*** | 1.214*** | 0.956*** | 0.797*** | 0.593** | 0.221 | 0.019 |
 | (0.222) | (0.321) | (0.258) | (0.361) | (0.128) | (0.182) | (0.158) | (0.212) | (0.135) | (0.193) | (0.156) | (0.217) |
Observations | 1191 | 1189 | 1155 | 1153 | 1191 | 1189 | 1155 | 1153 | 1191 | 1189 | 1155 | 1153 |
R-squared | 0.016 | 0.034 | 0.059 | 0.070 | 0.013 | 0.026 | 0.062 | 0.068 | 0.013 | 0.029 | 0.051 | 0.062 |