Table 1 Overview of the constructs of the Normalization Process Theory and NoMAD items by constructs

Coherence

Differentiation

I can see how the [intervention] differs from usual ways of working

Communal specification

Staff in this organisation have a shared understanding of the purpose of this [intervention]

Individual specification

I understand how the [intervention] affects the nature of my own work

Internalization

I can see the potential value of the [intervention] for my work

Cognitive Participation

Initiation

There are key people who drive the [intervention] forward and get others involved

Legitimation

I believe that participating in the [intervention] is a legitimate part of my role

Enrolment

I am open to working with colleagues in new ways to use the [intervention]

Activation

I will continue to support the [intervention]

Collective Action

Interactional workability

I can easily integrate the [intervention] into my existing work

Relational integration

The [intervention] disrupts working relationships

Relational integration

I have confidence in other people’s ability to use the [intervention]

Skill set workability

Work is assigned to those with skills appropriate to the [intervention]

Skill set workability

Sufficient training is provided to enable staff to use the [intervention]

Contextual Integration

Sufficient resources are available to support the [intervention]

Contextual integration

Management adequately support the [intervention]

Reflexive Monitoring

Systemization

I am aware of reports about the effects of the [intervention]

Communal appraisal

The staff agree that the [intervention] is worthwhile

Individual appraisal

I value the effects the [intervention] has had on my work

Reconfiguration

Feedback about the [intervention] can be used to improve it in the future

Reconfiguration

I can modify how I work with the [intervention]