Fig. 2

The care delivery value chain for routine vaccinations from the perspective of a primary care practice. (The black arrow shows the process over time within the GP practice, with activities involving the practice above the line and patient-facing activities below the line. The blue arrow represents the patient’s interaction with the practice during the process). Activity steps with dashed outline are those where times were sometimes recorded together with other activities by practices, so timings are less reliable. Timings are mean times calculated across the included practices for each step