Table 6 Activities related to facilitation type

Type A

Quality improvement, organisational learning, and humanistic psychology—how individuals learn and apply that knowledge to improvement activities

Within the PARIHS framework type A represents an approach to facilitation towards the left of the facilitation continuum (Harvey et al. 2002).

• Set up project group.

• Developed action plans.

• Developed posters and fliers about the project.

• Audit—identify what needed to improve in continence practice.

• Presentation of data in poster.

• Development of information leaflets.

• Development of new continence assessment forms.

• Development of continence care plan.

• Supported staff to complete the assessment forms.

Type B

Critical social sciences, focussed on enlightenment, empowerment and emancipation—that enable individuals to develop new understandings about what needs to be changed and how to change it, including (1) understanding, (2) choosing and development appropriate strategies, (3) doing and (4) evaluation.

Within the PARIHS framework type B represents an approach to facilitation towards the right of the facilitation continuum (Harvey et al. 2002).

• Formed a project group of stakeholders.

• Values clarification exercise.

• Self-administered leadership questionnaires.

• 360° feedback from colleagues.

• Asked staff to complete Context Assessment Index.

• Provision of person-centred care presentations to staff.

• Interviewing residents with urinary continence.

• Using stakeholder group to identify priorities, agree actions, evaluate progress.

• Reviewed practice, revision of policies, including assessment forms.