Table 1 Overview of the main results

More versus less evidence-based CDS advice

Adherence

–

–

⊕⊕○○

2

5.0%

Range of ORs: 3.5 (CI 1.1–11.5) to 1.0 (CI 0.3–2.8)

Low

More versus less patient-specific CDS (by using additional patient data)

Adherence

1

6.2%

⊕⊕⊕○

3

3.0%, IQR 1.2 to 5.9

Moderate

Patient outcomes

–

–

⊕⊕○○

3

8%, IQR 0 to 8.9

Low

More versus less explicit CDS advice (by providing recommendations or not)

Adherence

1

−0.4%

⊕⊕⊕○

1

1.0%

Moderate

Patient outcomes

–

–

⊕⊕⊕○

1

− 0.7%

Moderate

More versus less explicit CDS advice (by presenting specific patient data or not)

Adherence

–

–

⊕⊕○○

1

− 4.0%

Low

CDS that does (versus does not) require users to respond to the advice

Adherence

1

0.1%

⊕⊕○○

3

− 2.0%, IQR − 2.9 to 8.0

Low

CDS provided automatically by the system versus on demand by the user

Adherence

–

–

⊕⊕○○

3

22.2%, IQR 9.4 to 28.0

Low

CDS displayed on screen versus delivered on paper

Adherence

1

15.6%

⊕⊕○○

1

Range of ORs 0.3 (CI 0.1–1.0) to 0.7 (CI 0.2–2.1)

Low

CDS combined with other professional-oriented strategies versus CDS only

Adherence

3

4.8%, IQR − 3.9 to 10.8

⊕⊕○○

1

6.2%

Low

Patient outcomes

–

–

⊕⊕○○

2

− 0.5, IQR − 5 to 4

Low

CDS combined with patient-oriented strategies versus CDS only

Adherence

10

3.1%, IQR − 2.0 to 5.0

⊕⊕○○

5

2.8%, IQR 1.5 to 6.5

Moderate

Patient outcomes

1

− 5%

⊕⊕○○

1

18.2%

Low

CDS aimed at the patient versus CDS aimed at the healthcare provider

Adherence

3

5.1%, IQR − 5.3 to 13.4

⊕⊕○○

2

4.2%, IQR 0 to 8.3

Low

Patient outcomes

–

–

⊕⊕○○

2

− 2.4%, IQR − 8.1 to 3.3

Low

CDS for physician and another provider type versus CDS for physician only

Adherence

1

4.1%, IQR 3.4 to 7.2

⊕⊕⊕○

2

5.2%, IQR 4.4 to 6

Moderate

Patient outcomes

–

–

⊕⊕○○

2

1.4% (IQR + 1 to + 1.7)

Low