Table 6 Bamford et al. [20] retrospectively map inductively generated themes onto NPT constructs. (Reproduced from BMC Health Services Research, published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) licence)

Coherence

Making sense of the case manager intervention

Perceived value of the concept of case management.

Clarity over the case manager role.

Cognitive participation

Investment in case management

Practice investment in case management.

Investment by case managers.

Fit of case management with existing skill sets.

Collective action

Implementing case management in practice

Time available for case management.

Implementation in research vs clinical practice.

Support and supervision of case managers.

Reflexive monitoring

Appraising and embedding of case management

Assessing the impacts of case management.

The ‘right’ intervention but at the wrong time.

Embedding case management in practice.