Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review

May, Carl R.; Cummings, Amanda; Girling, Melissa; Bracher, Mike; Mair, Frances S.; May, Christine M.; Murray, Elizabeth; Myall, Michelle; Rapley, Tim; Finch, Tracy

doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0758-1

Implementation Science

Table 1 Controlled studies using NPT as their analytic framework

From: Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review

First author/first paper	Country of origin	Theory frame	Research problem	Evidence base cited to support intervention	Use of NPT specified in protocol	NPT study type	Data collected	Application of NPT to data	Factors leading to intervention success or failure	Differences between categories of participants	Differences between settings
1. Ballinger et al. [19]	UK	NPT	Stroke rehabilitation	Systematic review [149]	–	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Retrospective	Yes	No	No
2. Bamford et al. [20]	UK	NPT	New professional roles in dementia care	Systematic review [150]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	No
3. Blakeman et al. [21]	UK	NPT	Chronic kidney disease management (telephone support)	NICE guideline [151]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	No
4. Blickem et al. [22]	UK	NPT	Self-management support for long-term conditions (telephone support)		Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	No
5. Brooks et al. [23]	UK	NPT	Care planning (mental health)	Systematic review [152]	Yes	Intervention design	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
6. Buckingham et al. [24]	UK	NPT	COPD management in primary care	Systematic review [153]	–	Feasibility study	Mixed	Prospective	Yes	Yes	N/A
7. Clarke et al. [25, 26]	UK	NPT	Stroke rehabilitation	Systematic review [154]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
8. Coupe et al. [27]	UK	NPT	Collaborative care for depression		Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Retrospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
9. Finch et al. [28]	UK	NPT	Cognitive behavioural therapy	Systematic review [156]	Yes	Feasibility study	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	N/A
10. Furler et al. [29,30,31]	Australia	NPT	Diabetes management in primary care		Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	No
11. Gabbay et al. [32]	UK	NPT	Debt counselling for depression in primary care	NICE guideline [178]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
12. Gask et al. [33]	UK	NPM	Collaborative care for depression	Systematic review [155]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Retrospective	Yes	Yes	No
13. Grant et al. [34, 35]	UK	NPT	Primary care prescribing	NICE guideline [157]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	No
14. Godfrey et al. [36]	UK	NPT	Delirium prevention in hospital	Systematic review [158]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
15. Hind et al. [37]	UK	NPT	Aquatic therapy for children with Duchenne muscular Dystrophy		Yes	Feasibility Study	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	No	No
16. Hooker et al. [38,39,40,41,42]	Australia	NPT	Identifying women at risk of intimate partner violence		Yes	Process evaluation	Mixed	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
17. Kennedy et al. [43,44,45,46]	UK	NPT	Social network support in long-term conditions	Systematic review [159]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
18. Khowaja et al. [47]	India, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan	NPT	Maternal health in low-income countries	WHO guideline [160]	–	Feasibility study	Mixed	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
19. Leon et al. [48]	South Africa	NPM	Testing and counselling for HIV in South Africa	Systematic reviews [161,162,163]	–	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Retrospective	Yes	Yes	No
20. Mair et al. [49]	UK	NPM	Telemedicine for COPD	Systematic review [164]	–	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Retrospective	Yes	Yes	N/A
21. Ong et al. [50,51,52]	UK	NPT	Osteoarthritis guidelines in primary care	NICE guideline [165]	–	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
22. Ricketts [53]	UK	NPT	Chlamydia screening in primary care		–	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Retrospective	Yes	No	No
23. Speed et al. [54]	UK	NPM	Management of constipation in primary care		Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	No
24. Sturgiss et al. [55]	Australia	NPT	Weight management programme in primary care		Yes	Feasibility study	Quantitative (survey)	Prospective	Yes	No	No
25. Thomas, L. et al. [56, 57]	UK	NPT	Stroke rehabilitation (incontinence)	RCP-ICSWP guideline [166]	Yes	Process evaluation	Qualitative	Prospective	Yes	Yes	Yes
26. Willis [58]	Australia	NPT	Community support for women with postnatal depression		Yes	Historical review of documents	Textual analysis	Retrospective	Yes	N/A	N/A

N/A not available

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ISSN: 1748-5908

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