Table 2 Abx prescription rates of trials with one post-intervention measurement

Briel et al. 2006

Switzerland

T1:

IG 1: 46/293 (15.7%/n.s./n.s.)

Adjusted OR: 0.86 (95% CI 0.4–1.93)

IG 2: 35/259 (13.5%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 61/285 (21.4%/n.s./n.s.)

T1:

Δ (IG 2 − IG 1) = − 2.2%

Δ (IG 1 − CG) = − 5.7%

Δ (IG 2 − CG) = − 7.9%

T1:

IG 1 and CG: 0.68

IG 2 and CG: 0.57

IG 1 and IG 2: 1.19

n.s.

Linder et al. 2009 [25]

USA

T0: unpublished data

T1:

IG: 4601/11954 (39%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 4316/10007 (43%/n.s./n.s.)

T1:

Δ (IG − CG) = − 4%

T1:

IG and CG: 0.83 (95% CI 0.6–1.2; p = 0.30)

n.s.

Cals et al. 2009*

Netherlands

Abx prescription rates regarding study arms (only for T1):

POCT group: 43/110 (39%/25.6–52.6/n.s.)

CST group: 28/84 (33%/19.5–47.1/n.s.)

POCT + CST-group: 27/117 (23%/11.6–34.6/n.s.)

Usual care: 80/120 (67%/53.9–79.5/n.s.)

Abx prescription rates regarding factorial groups (T1 ± T2):

POCT group:

T1: 70/227 (30.8%/21.8–39.8/n.s.)

T2: 102/227 (44.9%/35.2–54.6/n.s.)

CG for POCT = no POCT group:

T1: 108/204 (52.9%/43.0–62.8/n.s.)

T2: 119/204 (58.3%/48.5–68.1/n.s.)

Comparison of the 2 groups:

T1: p < 0.02

T2: p < 0.01

CST group:

T1: 55/201 (27.4%/25.6–36.6/n.s.)

T2: 76/201 (37.8%/28.1–47.5/n.s.)

CG for CST = no CST group:

T1: 123/230 (53.5%/43.8–63.2/n.s.)

T2: 145/230 (63%/53.6–72.4/n.s.)

Comparison of the 2 groups:

T1: p < 0.01

T2: p < 0.001

T1:

Δ (POCT group − CG) = − 28%

Δ (CST group − CG) = − 34%

Δ (POCT/CST − CG) = − 44%

Δ (POCT − CST) = + 6%

Δ (POCT − POCT/CST) = + 16%

Δ (CST − POCT/CST) = + 10%

Δ (CST − POCT) = − 6%

Δ (POCT/CS − TPOCT) = − 16%

Δ (POCT/CST − CST) = − 10%

Only calculation for T2*

Δ (cumulative POCT group − cumulative non-POCT group):

− 13.4%

Δ (cumulative CST group − cumulative non-CST group): − 25.2%

T1:

Cumulative POCT group and cumulative non-POCT group: 0.39

Cumulative POCT group and cumulative CST group: 1.18

Cumulative CST group and cumulative non-CST group: 0.33

T2:

Cumulative POCT group and cumulative non-POCT group: 0.58

Cumulative POCT group and cumulative CST group: 1.34

Cumulative CST group and cumulative non-CST group: 0.36

n.s.

Cals et al. 2010*

Netherlands

T1:

IG: 56/129 (43.4%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 73/129 (56.6%/n.s./n.s.)

RR = 0.77 (95% CI 0.56–0.98)

T2:

IG: 68/129 (52.7%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 84/129 (65.1%/n.s./n.s.)

RR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.62–0.99)

Only calculation for T2

T2:

Δ (IG − CG) = − 12.4%

T1:

IG and CG: 0.59

T2:

IG and CG: 0.6

n.s.

Linder et al. 2010

USA

T0: baseline (unpublished data)

T1:

IG: 3912/8406 (47%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 4761/10082 (47%/n.s./n.s.)

T1:

Δ (IG − CG) = 0%

T1:

IG and CG: 0.97 (95% CI 0.7–1.4, p = 0.87)

n.s.

Worrall et al. 2010

Canada

T1:

IG: 33/75 (43.2%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 32/74 (44%/n.s./n.s.)

p = 0.924

T1:

Δ (IG − CG) = − 0.8%

T1:

IG and CG: 0.97

n.s.

Llor et al. 2011

Spain

T1:

IG: 123/281 (43.8%/n.s./p < 0.001)

CG: 168/262 (64.1%/n.s./n.s.)

T1:

Δ (IG − CG) = − 20.3%

T1:

IG and CG: 0.46

n.s.

McGinn et al. 2013

USA

T1:

IG: 171/586 (29.2%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 153/398 (38.4%/n.s./n.s.)

Comparison IG/CG:

RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.58–0.92, p = 0.008)

age-adjusted RR 0.74 (95% CI 0.60–0.92; p = 0.008)

T1:

Δ (IG − CG) = − 9.2%

T1:

IG and CG: 0.66

n.s.

Hui Min Lee et al. 2016

Singapore

T1:

IG: 94/457 (20.6%/n.s./n.s.)

CG: 81/457 (17.7%/n.s./n.s.)

T1:

Δ (IG − CG) = + 2.9%

T1:

IG and CG: 1.20 (95% CI 0.84–1.72, p = 0.313)

n.s.