A randomized matched-pairs study of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of systems consultation: a novel implementation strategy for adopting clinical guidelines for Opioid prescribing in primary care

Table 3 Maintenance outcomes

Through 12 months (Maintenance)	Estimated value—control clinics (6-month mark)	Slope of control clinics (95% CI)	p value (pre-post within control clinics)	Estimated value—intervention clinics (6-month mark)	Slope of intervention clinics (95% CI)	p value (pre-post within intervention clinics)	Slope of intervention minus control (95% CI)	p value (difference between intervention—control groups)
Proportion of patients with consistent opioid Rx ^a	0.013	− 0.0001 (0.0000, − 0.0002)	0.007	0.012	− 0.0001 (− 0.0001, − 0.0002)	0.001	0.0000 (0.0001, − 0.0001)	0.975
Proportion with mental health screen ^b	0.394	0.016 (0.026, 0.006)	0.002	0.574	0.033 (0.053, 0.014)	0.001	0.017 (0.028, 0.006)	0.003
Proportion with urine drug testing ^b	0.440	0.012 (0.020, 0.005)	0.001	0.645	0.018 (0.029, 0.006)	0.002	0.005 (0.013, − 0.002)	0.153
Proportion with treatment agreement ^b	0.542	0.031 (0.048, 0.014)	0.000	0.782	0.036 (0.056, 0.015)	0.001	0.005 (0.012, − 0.002)	0.146
Average morphine-equivalent daily dose (MEDD) ^{b, c}	60.239	0.431 (0.909, − 0.048)	0.078	84.278	− 0.830 (− 0.264, − 1.396)	0.004	− 1.261 (− 0.425, − 2.097)	0.003
Proportion with MEDD > 120 ^{b, c}	0.125	− 0.000 (0.002, − 0.002)	0.942	0.191	− 0.003 (− 0.001, − 0.005)	0.004	−0.003 (− 0.001, − 0.006)	0.018
Proportion with co-prescribed benzodiazepines ^b	0.061	0.001 (0.002, − 0.001)	0.291	0.074	0.002 (0.004, − 0.001)	0.136	0.001 (0.003, − 0.001)	0.353

^aThree or more opioid prescriptions in each of the most recent 3 months
^bSubset of proportion a above (patients with three or more opioid prescriptions in each of the most recent 3 months)
^cMEDD morphine-equivalent daily dose (for patients with consistent opioid Rx)

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