Table 5 Behaviour change techniques excluded from intervention development or intended but not subsequently identified during content analyses

 Core determinants ‘environmental context’ and ‘social and professional role’.

Social support

Social support emotional (3.3)

Antecedents

Avoidance/reducing exposure to cues for the behaviour (12.3)

Distraction (12.4)

Body changes (12.6)

Comparison of behaviour

Demonstration of the behaviour (6.1)

Feedback and monitoring

Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback (2.1)

Monitoring of outcomes of behaviour without feedback (2.5)

Biofeedback (2.6)

Identity

Incompatible beliefs (13.3)

Valued self-identity (13.4)

Identity associated with changed behaviour (13.5)

Identification of self as role model (13.1)

Covert learning

Imaginary punishment (16.1)

Imaginary reward (16.2)

 Prominent determinants ‘knowledge’, ‘memory’, ‘social influences’ and ‘beliefs about consequences’.

Comparison of outcomes

Comparative imagining of future outcomes (9.3)

Natural consequences

Monitoring of emotional consequences (5.4)

Information about emotional consequences (5.6)

Anticipated regret (5.5)

Shaping knowledge

Behavioural experiments (4.4)

Goals and planning

Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal (1.6)

Repetition and substitution

Behavioural practice/rehearsal (8.1)

Behaviour substitution (8.2)

Habit reversal (8.4)

Overcorrection (8.5)

Generalisation of target behaviour (8.6)

Associations

Cue signalling reward (7.2)

Reduce prompts/cues (7.3)

Remove access to the reward (7.4)

Remove aversive stimulus (7.5)

Satiation (7.6)

Exposure(7.7)

Associative learning (7.8)

Regulation

Pharmacological support (11.1)

Reduce negative emotions (11.2)

Paradoxical instructions (11.4)

Reward and threat

Material incentive (behaviour) (10.1)

Material reward (behaviour) (10.2)

Non-specific reward (10.3)

Social incentive (10.5)

Non-specific incentive (10.6)

Self-incentive (10.7)

Incentive (outcome) (10.8)

Self-reward (10.9)

Reward (outcome) (10.10)

Future punishment (10.11)

 Less-evident determinants ‘self-belief’ and ‘scheduled consequences’

Self-belief

Mental rehearsal of successful performance (15.2)

Self-talk (15.4)

Verbal persuasion about capability (15.1)

Scheduled consequences

Behavioural cost (14.1)

Punishment (14.2)

Remove reward (14.3)

Reward approximation (14.4)

Rewarding completion (14.5)

Situation-specific reward (14.6)

Reward incompatible behaviour (14.7)

Reward alternative behaviour (14.8)

Reduce reward frequency (14.9)

Remove punishment (14.10)