Table 6 Summary of study results
Study (author, year) | Implementation strategy | Level 1: change in reaction/attitudes/beliefs | Level 2: learning | Level 3: behaviour |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Randomised controlled trial | ||||
 Beynon 2012 [46] | Basic 3-page policy brief | High-quality ratings Opinion about evidence strength or intervention effectiveness varies by health topic | – | Less likely to source other information and research related to the topic than control |
Basic 3-page policy brief plus an expert opinion piece | High-quality rating Opinion about evidence strength or intervention effectiveness varies by health topic. Increased intention to send policy brief to someone else and tell someone about key messages | – | Less likely to source other information and research related to the topic than control. Trend towards intentions persisting to actions. More likely to send policy brief to someone else | |
Basic 3-page policy brief plus an un-credited expert opinion piece | High-quality rating Opinion about evidence strength or intervention effectiveness varies by health topic | – | Less likely to source other information and research related to the topic than control | |
 Dobbins 2009 [9] | Tailored, targeted messages | – | – | Improved use of public health policies and programs compared to control |
Tailored, targeted messages plus a knowledge broker | – | – | Addition of knowledge broker potentially reduced use of public health policies and programs. However, improvements may have occurred in organisations with low research culture | |
Non-randomised controlled trial | ||||
 Brownson 2007 [47] | Workshops, ongoing technical assistance, and digital resources | Change in whether heard of recommendations and attended training. Less likely to report state legislators were supportive of physical activity interventions. No change in other outcomes from baseline | All knowledge and skill measurements improved. Change larger for local than state health department decision-makers in every category except methods in understanding cost. The largest change related to attitudes | Improvement in self-reported individual adapted health behaviour change. No difference in other behaviour change outcomes |