Table 2 Range of self-described expertise and other areas of expertise by participant

1.

Brunswikian psychology, diagnostic judgments of physicians, use of vignettes containing clinical cues

Lens modeling, evidence-based medicine, behavior change theory, face validity

2.

Behavior decision theory, methodological theory of information integration—what cues people pay attention to

Diffusion of responsibility, norm theory, SMART goals, loss aversion theory, scale compatibility, habituation theory, spacing effects

3.

Human factors, health communication and decision making, gestalt principles, information science

Theories of attention, international design standards, prospect theory, loss aversion, cognitive load, constructivist learning theory, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation

4.

Self-assessment, behavior change, comparison models

Guided reflection, learner centered agenda, teacher directed agenda

5.

Diagnostic reasoning of physicians, dual process models, information distortion (gestalt)

Learning theories, theory of planned behavior, extrinsic motivation

6.

Human factors engineering, iterative design

Theory of planned behavior, theories of operant conditioning, law of effect

7.

Cognitive psychology, judgment decision making framework, information processing, linguistics

Tufte theory, incentives, Lake Woebegone effect in social psychology

8.

Applied work in medical decision making, hindsight bias

Fast and frugal heuristics

9.

Cognitive psychology—how people reason, formulate judgments, and make decisions

10.

Personality, social, and health psychology, principles of feedback control

Self-regulation of behavior

11.

Cognitive psychology, learning, memory, lab research on feedback

12.

Behavioral economics, psychology, rational choice

Individual limitations, motivations, ego, mastery, social comparison

13.

Organizational psychology, feedback research, feedback seeking behavior, feedback environment framework, information processing, achievement goal theory, personality

Self-motives framework, self-enhancement theory, self-determination theory, motivation, dual process models, serial position curve/memory

14.

Cognitive psychology, measurement, assessment, formative feedback, constructivism, active learning theories

Cognitive load, growth mindset work (Dweck), goal setting theory, display of quantitative information (Tufte), graph design

15.

Social psychology, attribution/dissonance theory, prospect theory, conflict and dispute resolution, study of influence

Lewinian channel factor identification, self-perception theory, social norms theory, nudge theory (Thaler and Sunstein), motivation, Prospect Theory

16.

Methodology, resource management principal

17.

Bjork’s desirable difficulties

18.

Psychology, dual processes, affect and emotion, numeracy and aging

19.

Goal setting theory

Cognitive load

20.

Social psychology, health communication strategies or health decision making and health behavior change, social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior, adoption process model, social comparison theory, classic theories of attitude and behavior

Study of influence

21.

Control theory, self-regulation theory, goal setting theory, self-efficacy

Reinforcement theory, partial reinforcement theory

22.

Industrial organizational psychology, work motivation, team performance, feedback from the standpoint of individual behavior

Self-regulation, control theory, goals and actions, subjective expected utility theory (theory of reasoned action, expectancy theory)

23.

Educational theory, learning theories, constructivism, socio-cultural learning theories

Reflective learning, motivation, peer learning, communities of practice, social learning, peer scaffolding, role modeling

24.

Applying psychological principals in clinical practice, sociological learning theory, sociocultural theory, feedback interventions

Discourse theory, activity theory, complexity theory, achievement motivation theory

25.

Psychology, economics, ethics, patient physician communication, treatment decision making

26.

Education research, feedback in education, social cultural theory

27.

Industrial organizational psychology, Power’s control theory (self-regulation theory), Carver and Scheier’s social cognitive theory

Gain theory, implementation intentions

28.

Education, constructivist approach, basic notions of social psychology, multisource feedback or feedback to students from supervisors (Ross and Nesbett), social cultural theory (Vigotsky), humanist theory (Carl Rogers)

Theories of behavior change, self-regulation, feedback intervention theory (Kluger and Denisi), motivation theories, informed self-assessment