Table 1 The Theoretical Domains Framework (v1 [15] and v2 [16]) with definitions and component constructs
Version 1[15] | |
Domain | Constructs |
Knowledge | Knowledge Knowledge about condition/scientific rationale Schemas + mindsets + illness representations Procedural knowledge |
Skills | Skills Competence/ability/skill assessment Practice/skills development Interpersonal skills Coping strategies |
Social/professional role and identity | Identity Professional identity/boundaries/role Group/social identity Social/group norms Alienation/organisational commitment |
Beliefs about capabilities | Self-efficacy Control—of behaviour and material and Social environment Perceived competence Self-confidence/professional confidence Empowerment Self-esteem Perceived behavioural control Optimism/pessimism |
Beliefs about consequences | Outcome expectancies Anticipated regret Appraisal/evaluation/review Consequents Attitudes Contingencies Reinforcement/punishment/consequences Incentives/rewards Beliefs Unrealistic optimism Salient events/sensitisation/critical incidents Characteristics of outcome expectancies—physical, social, emotional; sanctions/rewards, proximal/distal, valued/not valued, probable/improbable, salient/not salient, perceived risk/threat |
Motivation and goals | Intention; stability of intention/certainty of intention Goals (autonomous, controlled) Goal target/setting Goal priority Intrinsic motivation Commitment Distal and proximal goals Transtheoretical model and stages of change |
Memory, attention and decision processes | Memory Attention Attention control Decision-making |
Environmental context and resources | Resources/material resources (availability and management) Environmental stressors Person × environment interaction Knowledge of task environment |
Social influences | Social support Social/group norms Organisational development Leadership Team working Group conformity Organisational climate/culture Social pressure Power/hierarchy Professional boundaries/roles Management commitment Supervision Inter-group conflict Champions Social comparisons Identity; group/social identity Organisational commitment/alienation Feedback Conflict—competing demands, conflicting roles Change management Crew resource management Negotiation Social support: personal/professional/organisational, intra/interpersonal, society/community Social/group norms: subjective, descriptive, injunctive norms Learning and modelling |
Emotion | Affect Stress Anticipated regret Fear Burn-out Cognitive overload/tiredness Threat Positive/negative affect Anxiety/depression |
Behavioural regulation | Goal/target setting Implementation intention Action planning Self-monitoring Goal priority Generating alternatives Feedback Moderators of intention-behaviour gap Project management Barriers and facilitators |
Nature of the behaviours | Routine/automatic/habit Breaking habit Direct experience/past behaviour Representation of tasks Stages of change model |
Version 2 | |
Domain (definition) | Constructs |
1. Knowledge (An awareness of the existence of something) | Knowledge (including knowledge of condition/scientific rationale) Procedural knowledge Knowledge of task environment |
2. Skills (An ability or proficiency acquired through practice) | Skills Skills development Competence Ability Interpersonal skills Practice Skill assessment |
3. Social/professional role and identity (A coherent set of behaviours and displayed personal qualities of an individual in a social or work setting) | Professional identity Professional role Social identity Identity Professional boundaries Professional confidence Group identity Leadership Organisational commitment |
4. Beliefs about capabilities (Acceptance of the truth, reality or validity about an ability, talent or facility that a person can put to constructive use) | Self-confidence Perceived competence Self-efficacy Perceived behavioural control Beliefs Self-esteem Empowerment Professional confidence |
5. Optimism (The confidence that things will happen for the best or that desired goals will be attained) | Optimism Pessimism Unrealistic optimism Identity |
6. Beliefs about Consequences (Acceptance of the truth, reality, or validity about outcomes of a behaviour in a given situation) | Beliefs Outcome expectancies Characteristics of outcome expectancies Anticipated regret Consequents |
7. Reinforcement (Increasing the probability of a response by arranging a dependent relationship, or contingency, between the response and a given stimulus) | Rewards (proximal/distal, valued/not valued, probable/improbable) Incentives Punishment Consequents Reinforcement Contingencies Sanctions |
8. Intentions (A conscious decision to perform a behaviour or a resolve to act in a certain way) | Stability of intentions Stages of change model Transtheoretical model and stages of change |
9. Goals (Mental representations of outcomes or end states that an individual wants to achieve) | Goals (distal/proximal) Goal priority Goal/target setting Goals (autonomous/controlled) Action planning Implementation intention |
10. Memory, attention and decision processes (The ability to retain information, focus selectively on aspects of the environment and choose between two or more alternatives) | Memory Attention Attention control Decision making Cognitive overload/tiredness |
11. Environmental context and resources (Any circumstance of a person’s situation or environment that discourages or encourages the development of skills and abilities, independence, social competence and adaptive behaviour) | Environmental stressors Resources/material resources Organisational culture/climate Salient events/critical incidents Person × environment interaction Barriers and facilitators |
12. Social influences (Those interpersonal processes that can cause individuals to change their thoughts, feelings, or behaviours) | Social pressure Social norms Group conformity Social comparisons Group norms Social support Power Intergroup conflict Alienation Group identity Modelling |
13. Emotion (A complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioural, and physiological elements, by which the individual attempts to deal with a personally significant matter or event) | Fear Anxiety Affect Stress Depression Positive/negative affect Burn-out |
14. Behavioural regulation (Anything aimed at managing or changing objectively observed or measured actions) | Self-monitoring Breaking habit Action planning |