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Table 3 EBPAS-50 and EBPAS-36 items standardized factor loadings, means, and standard deviations in US and Norwegian samples

From: The Evidence-based Practice Attitude Scale-36 (EBPAS-36): a brief and pragmatic measure of attitudes to evidence-based practice validated in US and Norwegian samples

Item no.a

Subscales and items

US sample

Norwegian sample

EBPAS-50

factor loadings

EBPAS-36

factor loadings

Mean

SD

EBPAS-50

factor loadings

EBPAS-36

factor loadings

Mean

SD

 

Scale 1: requirements

12

 Agency required

0.99

0.97

2.65

1.03

0.99

1.00

1.90

1.20

11

 Supervisor required

0.88

0.89

2.59

1.05

0.91

0.93

1.83

1.21

13

 State required

0.78

0.77

2.72

1.11

0.73

0.79

2.25

1.22

 

Scale 2: appeal

15

 Enough training

0.55

0.83

3.13

0.87

0.28

0.68

3.22

0.79

14

 Colleagues happy with therapy

0.56

0.71

2.74

0.94

0.34

0.68

2.62

0.89

10

 Makes sense

0.89

0.61

3.15

0.81

0.80

0.53

3.04

0.88

9

  Inutitively appealing

0.83

–

2.91

0.89

0.75

–

2.69

1.04

 

Scale 3: openness

4

 Will try therapy/interventions developed by researchers

0.81

0.81

2.79

0.88

0.75

0.68

2.92

0.96

2

 Will follow a treatment manual

0.61

0.78

2.64

1.02

0.84

0.86

2.78

1.10

1

 Like to use new therapy/interventions

0.62

0.70

2.86

0.91

0.60

0.53

2.80

0.95

8

  Would try therapy/interventions different than usual

0.66

–

2.50

0.97

0.61

–

2.29

1.09

 

Scale 4: divergenceb

7

 Would not use manualized therapy/interventions

0.76

0.67

0.82

0.93

0.66

0.76

0.70

1.07

5

 Research-based treatments/interventions not useful

0.65

0.59

0.70

0.93

0.55

0.61

0.37

0.72

6

 Clinical experience more important

0.42

0.47

2.22

1.00

0.68

0.66

1.76

1.18

3

  Know better than researchers how to care for client

0.34

–

1.66

1.02

0.56

–

1.18

1.05

 

Scale 5: limitationsb

28

 Individualized treatment

0.90

0.92

1.35

1.13

0.71

0.80

1.21

1.18

29

 Too narrowly focused

0.79

0.89

1.42

1.11

0.77

0.89

1.08

1.05

26

 Clients with multiple problems

0.89

0.79

1.15

1.06

0.89

0.74

0.89

1.09

23

  Truly connecting with your clients

0.65

–

1.29

1.08

0.74

–

0.47

0.83

24

  Develop a strong working alliance

0.64

–

1.17

1.03

0.75

–

0.49

0.81

25

  Too simplistic

0.69

–

1.35

1.11

0.71

–

1.02

1.07

27

  Families with multiple problems

0.91

–

1.29

1.15

0.88

–

0.82

0.99

 

Scale 6: fit

20

 Had a say in how I would use the EBP

0.80

0.79

2.89

0.91

0.58

0.67

2.96

1.01

18

 Right for your clients

0.78

0.69

3.07

0.92

0.34

0.54

3.42

0.73

21

 Fit with your clinical approach

0.65

0.73

2.99

0.94

0.90

0.62

3.12

0.96

16

  Clients wanted it

0.72

–

2.84

1.02

0.24

–

2.88

0.97

17

  Knew more about how your clients liked it

0.65

–

3.02

0.93

0.31

–

2.55

1.04

19

  Had a say in which EBP

0.81

–

2.83

0.98

0.49

–

2.96

0.95

22

  Fit with your treatment philosophy

0.58

–

2.78

1.00

0.88

–

3.14

0.98

 

Scale 7: monitoringb

31

 Looking over my shoulder

0.78

0.88

1.43

1.26

0.73

0.83

0.92

1.22

32

 Work does not need to be monitored

0.90

0.85

1.32

1.22

0.87

0.75

0.83

1.13

30

 Prefer to work without oversight

0.72

0.71

1.41

1.23

0.69

0.83

0.77

1.10

33

  I do not need to be monitored

0.71

–

1.24

1.26

0.88

–

0.99

1.18

 

Scale 8: balanceb

35

 Positive outcome is an art

0.60

0.73

1.35

1.20

0.65

0.60

0.84

0.99

36

 Therapy is an art and a science

0.73

0.59

2.19

1.37

0.55

0.62

2.20

1.31

37

 Overall competence is more important

0.56

0.76

1.23

1.20

0.67

0.61

2.07

1.15

34

  Satisfied with my skills

0.77

–

1.60

1.35

0.19

–

2.09

1.03

 

Scale 9: burdenb

39

 Can΄t meet other obligations

0.72

0.81

0.95

1.10

0.60

0.70

1.26

1.14

40

 How to fit evidence-based practice in

0.71

0.67

1.24

1.13

0.83

0.61

0.85

1.03

38

 Don΄t have time to learn anything new

0.51

0.57

0.65

0.96

0.60

0.76

0.77

1.04

41

  Cause too much paperwork

0.63

–

1.22

1.04

0.54

–

0.83

0.99

 

Scale 10: job security

43

 Help me get a new job

0.89

0.98

1.94

1.25

0.99

0.95

1.47

1.30

42

 Help me keep my job

0.81

0.80

1.69

1.32

0.62

0.60

0.83

1.16

44

 Make it easier to find work

0.61

0.61

1.75

1.30

0.89

0.91

1.48

1.27

 

Scale 11: organizational support

46

 Training provided

0.81

0.86

3.12

0.87

0.92

0.92

2.69

1.19

47

 Ongoing support provided

0.68

0.82

3.24

0.80

0.87

0.87

2.44

1.21

45

 Continuing education credits provided

0.75

0.74

2.89

1.04

0.67

0.61

1.75

1.35

 

Scale 12: feedback

49

 Feedback helps me to be better

0.74

0.83

3.23

0.82

0.93

0.96

3.56

0.81

50

 Supervision helps me to be better

0.68

0.78

3.27

0.83

0.63

0.72

3.58

0.81

48

 Enjoy feedback on performance

0.62

0.69

3.12

0.88

0.82

0.84

3.38

0.86

  1. All factor loadings are standardized. Italicized items are items removed from the EBPAS-36
  2. aItem number from original EBPAS-50
  3. bReversed scale