Making sense of complexity in context and implementation: the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework

Lisa M. Pfadenhauer; Ansgar Gerhardus; Kati Mozygemba; Kristin Bakke Lysdahl; Andrew Booth; Bjørn Hofmann; Philip Wahlster; Stephanie Polus; Jacob Burns; Louise Brereton; Eva Rehfuess

doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0552-5

Implementation Science

Table 5 CICI framework generic checklist

From: Making sense of complexity in context and implementation: the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework

Intervention
Intervention characteristics	• Which intervention characteristics interact with the setting, the context and the implementation? • How do these intervention characteristics interact with the setting, the context and the implementation?
Context
Depending on the intervention of interest, all or a subset of the seven domains of context should be reflected upon, i.e., geographical, epidemiological, socio-cultural, socio-economic, ethical, legal and political context.
Context	• Which aspects of the context interact with the implementation of the intervention? • How do these aspects of the context interact with the intervention? • How do these aspects of the context interact with implementation?
Implementation
Implementation theory	• Which theoretical underpinning guides the implementation? • How does this theory interact with the setting and the context? • How does this theory interact with the intervention?
Implementation process	• Which stages of the implementation process are passed through during implementation? • How does the implementation process interact with the setting and the context? • How does the implementation process interact with the intervention?
Implementation strategy	• Which implementation strategies are employed during implementation? • How do these implementation strategies interact with the setting and the context? • How do these implementation strategies interact with the intervention?
Implementation agents	• Which implementation agents are involved in the implementation effort? • How do these implementation agents interact with the setting and the context? • How do these implementation agents interact with the intervention?
Implementation outcomes	•Which implementation outcomes are reported? • How do these implementation outcomes interact with the intervention outcomes?
Setting
Setting	• Which aspects of the setting interact with the intervention? •How does the setting interact with the intervention? •How does the setting interact with the context? • How does the setting interact with the implementation?

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