Table 5 Results of the secondary outcomes

Validated instruments

Estimate (95% CI)

p value

ICC

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

MEAN (SD)

MEAN (SD)

MEAN (SD)

MEAN (SD)

 MARS score (adherence)

23.3 (2.3)

23.3 (3.7)

23.3 (2.6)

22.3 (3.3)

−1.2 (−2.8, 0.3)

0.11

0.18

 PAM score (patient activation)

3.3 (0.4)

3.3 (0.5)

3.3 (0.5)

3.3 (0.5)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)

0.48

0.08

 BMQ necessity score

4.5 (0.5)

4.2 (0.6)

3.3 (0.5)

3.3 (0.6)

−0.1 (−0.4, 0.3)

0.68

0.20

 BMQ concerns score

2.5 (0.9)

2.5 (0.9)

1.4 (0.8)

1.8 (0.9)

0.2 (−0.2, 0.6)

0.24

0.11

 Number of PIM prescriptions per year [range]

0.9 (1.8) [0–9]

0.8 (1.8) [0–10]

1.0 (1.9) [0–9]

0.8 (1.8) [0–11]

−0.1 (−0.4, 0.2)

0.37

<0.01

 Number of patients with ≥1 PIM prescription per year

32.3% (n = 42)

27.7% (n = 39)

30.0% (n = 39)

26.2% (n = 37)

0.9 (0.4, 2.0)

0.81

0.02

Self-developed survey (items with binary response categories)^a

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Estimate (95% CI)

p value

ICC

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

 Do you have a written medication list?

91.5 (118)

91.6 (131)

93.0 (119)

95.8 (137)

1.5 (0.2–12.3)

0.69

0.36

 I use my medication list as a reminder

53.4 (62)

60.0 (78)

61.0 (72)

65.0 (89)

1.0 (0.2–4.8)

0.98

0.32

 I usually show my medication list at doctor’s appointments

19.8 (23)

42.7 (56)

22.0 (26)

46.0 (63)

4.7 (0.8–29.6)

0.09

0.39

 I usually show my medication list in the pharmacy

0.0 (0)

7.7 (10)

5.1 (6)

28.5 (39)

12.9 (1.4–117.7)

0.03

0.42

 I use my medication list when taking my medicaments

55.2 (64)

45.4 (59)

63.6 (48.5)

59.1 (81)

0.6 (0.2–2.1)

0.43

0.20

Self-developed survey (items with five-point Likert response scale)^b

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Estimate (95% CI)

p value

ICC

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

 Do you find your medication list comprehensible?

96.6 (114)

93.1 (122)

89.8 (106)

90.9 (130)

1.3 (0.2–10.9)

0.77

0.41

 Do you dispose of the old medication list after receiving a new one?

78.0 (92)

69.5 (89)

77.1 (91)

75.9 (107)

0.8 (0.3–1.8)

0.51

0.04

 Do you carry your medication list with you (e.g., in your purse?)

33.9 (40)

36.9 (48)

37.3 (44)

48.3 (69)

1.3 (0.4–4.8)

0.64

0.21

 Do you note down on your medication list if you take a medicament which you have bought yourself?

13.8 (16)

18.3 (24)

16.9 (20)

25.0 (35)

1.3 (0.4–5.0)

0.65

0.19