Table 4 Quality assessment results of quantitative included studies
Quality assessment question | Grady et al., 2014 [25] | Hargis et al., 2015 [26] | Williams J et al., 2013 [29] | Van Der Weijden et al., 2004 [32] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Did the study address a clearly focused question/issue? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Is the research method appropriate? | ✓ | x | x | x |
Is the method of selection of the subjects clearly described? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Could the way the sample was obtained introduce bias? | Not reported | x | Not reported | x |
Was the sample of subjects representative with regard to the population? | ✓ | ✓ | Not reported | ✓ |
Was the sample size based on considerations of statistical power? | x | x | x | ✓ |
Was a satisfactory response rate achieved? | x | ✓ | x | ✓ |
Are the measurements likely to be valid and reliable? | Not reported | ✓ | Not reported | ✓ |
Was the statistical significance assessed? | ✓ | x | x | x |
Are confidence intervals given for the main results? | x | x | x | ✓ |
Could there be confounding factors that haven’t been accounted for? | x | x | x | Not reported |
Can the results be applied to your organisation? | Not reported | ✓ | Not reported | ✓ |