Table 2 Normalisation Process Theory constructs [20]

Coherence (i.e. sense making by participants)

Cognitive participation (i.e. commitment and engagement by participants)

 • Is the intervention easy to describe?

 • Is it clearly distinct from other interventions?

 • Does it have a clear purpose for participants?

 • Is there a shared sense of its purpose?

 • What are the benefits and for whom?

 • Are these benefits likely to be seen as valuable?

 • Will it fit with the overall goals and activity of the community health service?

 • Are target user groups likely to think it is a good idea?

 • Will they see the point of the intervention easily?

 • Will they be prepared to invest time, energy and work on it?

Collective action (i.e. the work participants do to make the intervention function)

Reflexive monitoring (i.e. participants reflect on or appraise the intervention)

 • How did the intervention affect the work of user groups?

 • How compatible was it with existing practices?

 • What effect did it have on clinical care?

 • Did staff/FHPs/patients require extensive training in order to use it?

 • What impact did it have on division of labour, resources, power, and responsibility between different professional and community groups?

 • Did it fit with the overall goals and activity of the community health service?

 • How did users perceive the intervention once it had been in use for a while?

 • Was it likely to be perceived as advantageous for patients or staff?

 • Was it clear what effects the intervention had?

 • Were users/staff able to contribute feedback about the intervention once it was in use?

 • How adaptable was the intervention on the basis of user experience and feedback?