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Table 3 Results of leadership ranking survey (n = 12) (phases 3 and 4)

From: Identifying and ranking implicit leadership strategies to promote evidence-based practice implementation in addiction health services

Rank

Behaviora

Strategyb

Typec

M

SD

1

Hire staff members who are receptive to and able to handle change

Proactively creating a climate conducive to implementation

Proactive

4.71

0.52

2

Have an open-door policy with staff

Supporting change through individualized connections

Supportive

4.46

0.63

3

Ask staff members what supports their ability to deliver interventions

Supporting change through individualized connections

Supportive

4.41

0.60

4

Perform an intervention in front of staff as a demonstration

Demonstrating knowledge

Knowledgeable

4.40

0.63

5

Teach staff how the intervention helps clinicians address challenges they face

Proactively facilitate implementation

Proactive

4.25

0.71

6

Formally train staff about an intervention and why it works

Proactively facilitate implementation

Proactive

4.25

0.60

7

Manage change creatively by using community or charitable resources

Perseverance through problem solving

Perseverant

4.09

0.73

8

Manage change by using flexible funding

Perseverance through problem solving

Perseverant

3.96

0.74

9

Give small token gifts to reward implementation

Supporting change through transactions

Supportive

3.94

1.11

10

Give promotions or rewards for implementation

Supporting change through transactions

Supportive

3.83

0.90

11

Inform staff members that if they do not implement change they may lose their job

Proactively creating a climate conducive to implementation

Proactive

3.68

0.97

12

Jump into a session and take over for staff

Demonstrating knowledge

Knowledgeable

3.56

1.24

  1. aBehavior refers to manager’s behavior related to employees
  2. bStrategy refers to manager’s selected approach to engage employee in implementation efforts
  3. cType refers to Implementation Leadership Scale categories (Aarons et al. [39])