Table 4 Summary of outcomes

Type of outcome out of 628 total

 Healthcare utilization

142 (23 %)

 Blood pressure

65 (10 %)

 Glycemic control

47 (7 %)

 Function

38 (6 %)

 Overall mortality and cause-specific mortality

38 (6 %)

 Cholesterol

34 (5 %)

 Compliance

34 (5 %)

 Cardiovascular health

34 (5 %)

 Body mass index

31 (5 %)

 Pulmonary function

16 (3 %)

 Renal function

15 (2 %)

 Cost

13 (2 %)

 Diet

11 (2 %)

 Satisfaction

11 (2 %)

 Mental health

10 (2 %)

 Quality of life

8 (1 %)

 Attitude

7 (1 %)

 Behaviour

6 (1 %)

 Health status

6 (1 %)

 Knowledge

6 (1 %)

 Safety

6 (1 %)

 Smoking

5 (1 %)

 Vision health

5 (1 %)

 Cognition

4 (1 %)

 Disease severity

4 (1 %)

 Employment

4 (1 %)

 Motivation

4 (1 %)

 Vision

4 (1 %)

 Alcohol intake

3 (0 %)

 Barrier/facilitator

3 (0 %)

 Nerve function

3 (0 %)

 Self-efficacy

3 (0 %)

 Level of care

2 (0 %)

 Comorbidity

1 (0 %)

 Discontinuation

1 (0.2 %)

 Feasibility

1 (0.2 %)

 Fidelity

1 (0.2 %)

 Liver function

1 (0.2 %)

 Pain

1 (0.2 %)

Level of outcome out of 616 total

 Patient level

377 (61 %)

 System level

191 (31 %)

 Both

48 (8 %)