Table 2 Levels of preventive care at baseline and follow-up, and estimates of the intervention effect, for both groups combined

Risk assessment

 Smoking

610 (76 %)

805 (82 %)

0.87 (0.41–1.83)

0.712

 Nutrition

191 (24 %)

357 (36 %)

2.62 (1.25–5.52)

0.011

 Alcohol

632 (79 %)

820 (84 %)

1.83 (0.85–3.96)

0.123

 Physical activity

467 (58 %)

575 (59 %)

1.03 (0.54–1.95)

0.934

 All risks combined

146 (18 %)

297 (30 %)

3.55 (1.56–8.08)

0.002

Brief advice^a

 Smoking

275 (67 %)

298 (65 %)

1.89 (0.73–4.92)

0.190

 Nutrition

186 (26 %)

267 (33 %)

2.43 (1.11–5.33)

0.026

 Alcohol

222 (62 %)

238 (57 %)

1.44 (0.54–3.81)

0.468

 Physical activity

234 (61 %)

191 (52 %)

0.38 (0.14–0.99)

0.048

 All applicable risks combined

185 (24 %)

250 (27 %)

1.33 (0.62–2.87)

0.468

Referral^a

 Smoking referral (any)^b

173 (42 %)

224 (48 %)

2.16 (0.86–5.4)

0.101

 Nutrition referral (any)^c

128 (18 %)

174 (22 %)

1.36 (0.56–3.29)

0.493

 Alcohol referral (any)^d

127 (35 %)

153 (36 %)

1.01 (0.37–2.75)

0.981

 Physical activity referral (any)^c

123 (32 %)

113 (31 %)

1.04 (0.38–2.84)

0.947

 Referral—all applicable risks (any)^b,c,d

0 (0 %)

12 (1.3 %)

0.93 (0.19–4.5)

0.925

 Letter to primary care provider

206 (26 %)

227 (23 %)

0.66 (0.32–1.34)

0.249

Additional referral outcomes^a,e

 Smoking arrange^f

11 (2.7 %)

11 (2.4 %)

 Nutrition arrange^f

5 (0.7 %)

40 (5.0 %)

 Physical activity arrange^f

7 (1.8 %)

11 (3.0 %)

 Smoking—primary care provider

52 (13 %)

79 (17 %)

 Nutrition—primary care provider

6 (0.8 %)

25 (3.1 %)

 Alcohol—primary care provider

38 (11 %)

41 (9.8 %)

 Physical activity—primary care provider

5 (1.3 %)

6 (1.6 %)