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Table 3 Characteristics of the innovation, recipients and context to be considered within the i-PARIHS framework

From: PARIHS revisited: from heuristic to integrated framework for the successful implementation of knowledge into practice

Innovation

Recipients

Context

Underlying knowledge sources

Clarity

Degree of fit with existing practice and values (compatibility or contestability)

Usability

Relative advantage

Trialability

Observable results

Motivation

Values and beliefs

Goals

Skills and knowledge

Time, resources, support

Local opinion leaders

Collaboration and teamwork

Existing networks

Power and authority

Presence of boundaries

Local level:

 Formal and informal leadership support

 Culture

 Past experience of innovation and change

 Mechanisms for embedding change

 Evaluation and feedback processes

 Learning environment

Organisational level:

 Organisational priorities

 Senior leadership and management support

 Culture

 Structure and systems

 History of innovation and change

 Absorptive capacity

 Learning networks

External health system level:

 Policy drivers and priorities

 Incentives and mandates

 Regulatory frameworks

 Environmental (in)stability

 Inter-organisational networks and relationships