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Table 1 Guided questions for exploring the FRAM conditions

From: Where the rubber meets the road: using FRAM to align work-as-imagined with work-as-done when implementing clinical guidelines

Condition

Guided question

Input

What starts the function?

What does the function act on or change?

Output

What is the output or results of the function?

Do you have to inform anyone?

Do you have to collect or record/report anything? If so, where?

Who needs the output? Who will use what is produced? Have you agreed with whoever uses this that it is what they need?

Precondition

What should be in place so that you can complete the function normally?

What do you do if the preconditions are not available?

Resource

What resources do you need to perform the function, such as people, equipment, IT, power, buildings, etc?

What do you do if the resources are not available?

Control

Do you have any goals for the function, such as do something within a time frame (this is a control)?

What is the purpose of this function? Why do we do this?

Do you have formal procedures or instructions controlling the function?

Do you have people, such as supervisors, controlling the function?

Are there values controlling the function?

Do unofficial work practices or culture control the function?

Do you have priorities, such as a triage system?

Are there constraints such as budget?

Time

Is there any time related to the function?

Is there a certain time where you have to perform the function?

What happens if you are delayed—will you still do the function or not and what is the consequence for the following functions?

Time only has four options: too early, too late, on time, or not at all.