Implementation and evaluation of the VA DPP clinical demonstration: protocol for a multi-site non-randomized hybrid effectiveness-implementation type III trial

Table 1 Published diabetes prevention program trial descriptions and selected outcomes

Study	Individual or group	N(lifestyle group)	Years of follow-up	Mean weight loss (lifestyle group)	Reduction in developing diabetes
The Diabetes Prevention Program study [1]	Individual	1,079	2.8^a	5.6 kg	58%
Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes study [5]	Individual	910	10	2.0 kg	34%
The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Program study [42]	Individual	265	2	3.5 kg	58%^b
China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention study [3]	Individual	266^c	20	3.7 kg	43%
Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme [4]	Advice to individual^d	133^e	3	No significant change in body weight^f	28.5%
DEPLOY YMCA [6]	Group	29	1	5.7 kg (6%)	NA
Group Lifestyle Balance [7]	Group	52^g	1	5.5 kg (5.5%)	NA

^aFollow-up ranged from 1.8–4.6 years.
^bThere was a 43% reduction in relative risk at a median of 7 years of follow-up; after a median of 4 years of active intervention period, participants who were still free of diabetes were further followed up for a median of 3 years [43].
^cNumber of participants, combined, across three lifestyle interventions: diet, exercise, and diet plus exercise.
^dParticipants received advice on healthy diet and regular physical activity.
^eOne hundred and thirty-three individuals were randomized to this intervention but 120 were available for follow-up at 2.5 years.
^fParticipants were younger (mean age 45.9 ± 5.7 years) and had lower BMI (25.8 ± 3.5 kg/m²) than previous studies.
^gNumber of participants that completed the 12-month assessment in a single group pre-post comparison study.

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