Table 3 Intra-class correlation coefficients for total variability explained by the model for various levels and covariate adjustments across indicators
Model | Model specific ICC estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|
Prescription of quinine loading dose for malaria patients | Â |
 Two level models with no covariates (model 1) |  |
  Hospital level (ignoring clinician) | 0.30 (0.15–0.45) |
 Nested model with no covariates (model 2) |  |
  Nested model of clinicians within hospitals | 0.40 (0.20–0.64) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for patient characteristics (model 3) |  |
  Age, gender, severity and co-morbidity | 0.43 (0.22–0.66) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for clinician characteristics (model 4) |  |
  Gender, experience and cadrea | 0.36 (0.15–0.65) |
Prescription of correct dose of crystalline penicillin for pneumonia patients | Â |
 Two level models with no covariates |  |
  Hospital level (ignoring clinician) | 0.07 (0.01–0.44) |
 Nested model with no covariates |  |
  Nested model of clinicians within hospitals | 0.26 (0.05–0.68) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for patient characteristics |  |
  Age, gender, severity and co-morbidity | 0.23 (0.04–0.68) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for clinician characteristics |  |
  Gender, experience and cadrea | 0.26 (0.05–0.72) |
Prescription of zinc for diarrhoea patients | Â |
 Two level models with no covariates |  |
  Hospital level (ignoring clinician) | 0.09 (0.03–0.27) |
 Nested model with no covariates |  |
  Nested model of clinicians within hospitals | 0.11 (0.02–0.46) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for patient characteristics |  |
  Age, gender, severity and co-morbidity | 0.14 (0.01–0.63) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for clinician characteristics |  |
  Gender, experience and cadrea | 0.10 (0.03–0.33) |
HIV testing for all children admitted | Â |
 Two level models with no covariates |  |
  Hospital level (ignoring clinician) | 0.43 (0.24–0.64) |
 Nested model with no covariates |  |
  Nested model of clinicians within hospitals | 0.43 (0.24–0.64) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for patient characteristics |  |
  Age, gender and co-morbidity | 0.42 (0.24–0.63) |
 Nested model with fixed effects for clinician characteristics |  |
  Gender, experience and cadrea | 0.48 (0.27–0.70) |