Table 4 Mixed-effects models assessing the association between teacher’s pattern of implementation and students’ outcomes

Fixed effect

Intercept

8.557

0.617

13.87^***

3.046

0.334

9.11^***

1.013

0.282

3.59^***

2.794

0.484

5.77^***

Age

0.041

0.051

0.79

0.029

0.029

0.99

0.164

0.025

6.68^***

−0.021

0.042

−0.49

Gender

Male

−0.051

0.078

−0.66

0.147

0.043

3.41^***

0.553

0.037

14.87^***

0.529

0.062

8.60^***

Female (ref)

Baseline student outcome

0.019

0.016

1.21

0.017

0.017

1.03

−0.036

0.018

−2.02^*

0.016

0.018

0.90

Teacher’s clusters

High Implementation Group

1.236

0.264

4.68^***

0.489

0.103

4.76^***

0.198

0.099

2.00^*

0.400

0.169

2.37^*

Moderate Implementation Group

0.752

0.252

2.98^**

0.245

0.098

2.50^*

0.157

0.094

1.67

0.335

0.161

2.08^*

Low Implementation Group

Random effect

School^a

-

-

0.007

0.011

0.65

0.049

0.016

3.07^**

0.048

0.032

1.48

Class (nested within school)^a

0.936

0.130

7.18^***

0.082

0.020

4.14^***

0.037

0.012

3.10^***

0.219

0.047

4.69^***