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Table 1 Disciplines that address de-implementation in medicine and the contexts of clinical practice

From: “Entrenched practices and other biases”: unpacking the historical, economic, professional, and social resistance to de-implementation

Discipline

What is studied

Some issues of studies

Some approaches

Sample publication

Medical anthropology

The ways in which culture and society are organized around or influenced by issues of health, health care and related issues

Folk medicine Ethnobotanical knowledge The culture limits of biomedicine

Field research Participant observation

Aggarwal NK, Nicasio AV, DeSilva R, Boiler M, Lewis-Fernández R. “Barriers to implementing the DSM-5 cultural formulation interview: a qualitative study.” Cult Med Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;37(3):505–33 [51]

Science and technology studies

How social, political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation

Biotechnology Environmental sustainability Information technology

Science citation index analysis Historical analysis Case comparisons

Obstfelder A, Engeseth KH, Wynn R. “Characteristics of successfully implemented telemedical applications.” Implement Sci. 2007 Jul 27;2:25 [52]

Sociology of health and illness

Medical organizations and institutions, the production of knowledge and selection of methods, the actions and interactions of healthcare professionals, and the social or cultural (rather than clinical or bodily) effects of medical practice

Experiences of patients Health disparities Interactions between sick people and healthcare practitioners

Qualitative interviewing Demographic analysis Survey research

Timmermans S, Berg M. “The practice of medical technology.” Sociol Health Ilnn. 2003;25:97–114 [53]

History and philosophy of science

Science, its nature and fundamentals, its origins, and its place in modern politics, culture, and society

How the sciences originated, how they were practiced, how they were developed, and how they were related to their intellectual and social contexts

Archival research Textual analysis Re-enactment of experiments

Richard W,. Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz. Lying-In: A History of Childbirth in America. 1989, Yale University Press [54]