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Table 5 Descriptive statistics (ANOVA analysis)

From: Drivers of telemedicine use: comparative evidence from samples of Spanish, Colombian and Bolivian physicians

  Descriptive statistics
  Gender N Mean Standard deviation F Age N Mean Standard deviation F Post N Mean Standard deviation F
Spain
  Optimism Female 37 −0.0535 1.11965 - <45 33 0.0526 1.04442 - No responsibility 92 0.0516 0.97009 NS
Male 76 0.0279 0.94657 >45 80 −0.0212 0.99450 Responsibility 21 −0.2270 1.14416
Total 113 0.0000 1.00471 Total 113 0.0000 1.00471 Total 113 0.0000 1.00471
  Perceived usefulness of ICTs in clinical practice Female 37 0.0306 1.02422 ** <45 33 0.1881 0.82224 - No responsibility 92 0.0786 0.95412 *
Male 76 −0.0161 0.95961 >45 80 −0.0758 1.06505 Responsibility 21 0.3463 1.16729
Total 113 −0.0001 1.00481 Total 113 −0.0001 1.00481 Total 113 −0.0001 1.00481
  Ease-of-use of ICTs in clinical practice Female 37 4.4054 0.55073 - <45 33 4.3636 0.82228 - No responsibility 92 4.4130 0.68182 NS
Male 76 4.4605 0.70125 >45 80 4.4750 0.57313 Responsibility 21 4.5714 0.50709
Total 113 4.4425 0.65381 Total 113 4.4425 0.65381 Total 113 4.4425 0.65381
  Propensity to innovate Female 37 4.49 0.559 - <45 33 4.18 0.635 * No responsibility 92 4.33 0.681 NS
Male 76 4.30 0.731 >45 80 4.44 0.691 Responsibility 21 4.52 0.680
Total 113 4.36 0.682 Total 113 4.36 0.682 Total 113 4.36 0.682
Telemedicine use Female 37 0.4054 0.49774 ** <45 33 0.4242 0.50189 - No responsibility 92 0.5109 0.50262 NS
Male 76 0.6053 0.49204 >45 80 0.5875 0.49539 Responsibility 21 0.6667 0.48305
Total 113 0.5398 0.50063 Total 113 0.5398 0.50063 Total 113 0.5398 0.50063
  Level of ICT use Female 37 0.7568 0.43496 ** <45 33 0.8485 0.36411 - No responsibility 92 0.8370 0.37143 NS
Male 76 0.9079 0.29110 >45 80 0.8625 0.34655 Responsibility 21 0.9524 0.21822
Total 113 0.8584 0.35019 Total 113 0.8584 0.35019 Total 113 0.8584 0.35019
Colombia  
  Optimism Female 47 −0.0718 0.79464 - <45 88 −0.0201 1.05199 - No responsibility 87 −0.0168 1.04077 NS
Male 71 0.0475 1.12464 >45 30 0.0592 0.86231 Responsibility 31 0.0473 0.90804
Total 118 0.0000 1.00420 Total 118 0.0000 1.000420 Total 118 0.0000 1.00420
  Perceived usefulness of ICTs in clinical practice Female 47 −0.0906 0.93006 - <45 88 0.0681 0.99543 - No responsibility 87 0.0102 0.98079 NS
Male 71 0.0599 1.05260 >45 30 −0.1997 1.02010 Responsibility 31 −0.0287 1.08359
Total 118 0.0000 1.00421 Total 118 0.0000 1.00421 Total 118 0.0000 1.00421
  Ease-of-use of ICTs in clinical practice Female 47 1.13 1.583 - <45 88 0.92 1.432 - No responsibility 87 0.80 1.337 NS
Male 71 0.73 1.230 >45 30 0.80 1.270 Responsibility 31 1.13 1.522
Total 118 0.89 1.388 Total 118 0.89 1.388 Total 118 0.89 1.388
  Propensity to innovate Female 47 2.98 1.011 - <45 88 3.18 1.023 - No responsibility 87 3.18 1.006 NS
Male 71 3.27 1.055 >45 30 3.07 1.112 Responsibility 31 3.06 1.153
Total 118 3.15 1.043 Total 118 3.15 1.043 Total 118 3.15 1.043
  Telemedicine use Female 47 0.2128 0.41369 ** <45 88 0.3636 0.48380 - No responsibility 87 0.2874 0.45515 *
Male 71 0.4085 0.49505 >45 30 0.2333 0.43018 Responsibility 31 0.4516 0.50588
Total 118 0.3305 0.47240 Total 118 0.3305 0.47240 Total 118 0.3305 0.47240
  Level of ICT use Female 47 0.5532 0.50254 ** <45 88 0.6932 0.46382 - No responsibility 87 0.7011 0.46041 NS
Male 71 0.7606 0.42978 >45 30 0.6333 0.49013 Responsibility 31 0.6129 0.49514
Total 118 0.6780 0.46925 Total 118 0.6780 0.46925 Total 118 0.6780 0.46925
Bolivia  
  Optimism Female 113 −0.0412 1.16294 - <45 184 −0.0411 1.06828 - No responsibility 254 0.0254 0.98879 NS
Male 166 0.0280 0.87805 >45 95 0.0795 0.85832 Responsibility 25 −0.2587 1.11443
Total 279 0.0000 1.00181 Total 279 0.0000 1.00181 Total 279 0.0000 1.00181
  Perceived usefulness of ICTs in clinical practice Female 113 −0.1198 0.94670 ** <45 184 −0.0282 1.04199 - No responsibility 254 0.0230 0.99880 NS
Male 166 0.0815 1.07059 >45 95 0.0544 0.92169 Responsibility 25 −0.2344 1.02209
Total 279 0.0000 1.00175 Total 279 0.0000 1.00175 Total 279 0.0000 1.00175
  Ease-of-use of ICTs in clinical practice Female 113 0.44 0.499 - <45 184 0.46 0.500 - No responsibility 254 0.46 0.499 **
Male 166 0.50 0.502 >45 95 0.51 0.503 Responsibility 25 0.68 0.476
Total 279 0.48 0.500 Total 279 0.48 0.500 Total 279 0.48 0.500
  Propensity to innovate Female 113 4.21 0.700 - <45 184 4.22 0.714 - No responsibility 254 4.24 0.650 NS
Male 166 4.24 0.662 >45 95 4.25 0.601 Responsibility 25 4.08 0.909
Total 279 4.23 0.677 Total 279 4.23 0.677 Total 279 4.23 0.677
  Telemedicine use Female 113 0.2566 0.43872 *** <45 184 0.3750 0.48544 - No responsibility 254 0.3543 0.47925 ***
Male 166 0.4639 0.50020 >45 95 0.3895 0.49022 Responsibility 25 0.6400 0.48990
Total 279 0.3799 0.48624 Total 279 0.3799 0.48624 Total 279 0.3799 0.48624
  Level of ICT use Female 113 0.9558 0.20656 - <45 184 0.9457 0.22732 - No responsibility 254 0.9528 0.21258 NS
Male 166 0.9458 0.22713 >45 95 0.9579 0.20189 Responsibility 25 0.9200 0.27689
Total 279 0.9498 0.21871 Total 279 0.9498 0.21871 Total 279 0.9498 0.21871
  1. NS not significant, ***significant at 99% confidence level, **significant at 95% confidence level, *significant at 90% confidence level.
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Implementation Science

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