Table 2 Summary of mentorship studies identified in business and social science literature
Study | Research design (Quality) | Mentoring goal (improved or achieved) | Mentoring program design | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formal program | Individual or group | Senior mentor | Entry criteria | Mentor training | Dyad matching | Activities | Duration/Timing | |||
Elinger [51] | Survey | Self-reported overall job performance (yes) | No | — | Yes | No | No | No | — | — |
2011/USA | (10/11) | |||||||||
Wheeler [59] | Mixed | Company reported sales performance (yes) | No | — | Yes | No | No | No | — | — |
2011/UK | (9/11) | |||||||||
Kwan [52] | Survey | Self-reported overall job performance (yes) | Yes | Individual | Yes | No | No | No | — | — |
2010/China | (11/11) | |||||||||
Powell [60] | RCT (low risk of bias) | Teaching skills (yes, no difference between remote and on-site) | Yes | Both | Yes | No | Yes | No | 2 day workshop, site visits | 7 visits over 15 weeks, 90 min observation, 30 min discussion |
2010/USA | ||||||||||
Agarwal [53] | Survey | Self-reported overall job performance (yes) | Yes | Both | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | — | — |
2009/USA | (10/11) | |||||||||
Bernal [63] | Mixed | Research skills (yes) | Yes | Individual | Yes | — | — | — | Consultation as needed | 2 years |
2009/Puerto Rico | (7/11) | |||||||||
Fischer [54] | Mixed | Self-reported overall job performance (yes) | Yes | Individual | Yes | No | Yes | No | Mentor-mentee discretion | 4 hours/month for 6 months |
2009/USA | (10/11) | |||||||||
Levenson [55] | Mixed | Self-reported overall job performance (no) | Yes | — | Yes | No | No | Yes | — | — |
2009/USA | (8/11) | |||||||||
Yost [61] | Mixed | Teaching skills (yes) | Yes | Individual | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Workshop, site visits | 3 visits/year, 45 min observation then discussion |
2009/UK | (10/11) | |||||||||
Byrne [56] | Survey | Self-reported overall job performance (yes) | Yes | — | Yes | No | No | No | — | — |
2008/USA | (11/11) | |||||||||
Stead [57] | Mixed | Self-reported overall job performance (yes) | Yes | Both | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Workshops, meetings | Every 4 to 6 weeks over 9 months |
2005/UK | (8/11) | |||||||||
Browne-Ferrigno | Mixed | Teaching skills (yes) | Yes | Individual | No (peer) | — | — | — | Meetings | 4 hours once per week over 8 months |
[62] 2004/USA | (7/11) | |||||||||
Wales [58] | Mixed | Self-reported overall job performance (yes) | Yes | Individual | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Meetings | 1 hour every 2 weeks over 1 year |
2002/UK | (8/11) | |||||||||