Table 1 Overview of instrumentation issues and recommendations

1. Use of frameworks, theories, and models

• Use theoretical model and include those construct definitions in manuscripts

• Work towards consensus language as a field

• Consider use of the CFIR Wiki for construct definitions

2. Need to establish instrument psychometric properties

• Identify, perform, and report results of most appropriate reliability assessments when possible

• Identify, perform, and report results of most appropriate validity assessments when possible

• Attempt to establish psychometric properties while simultaneously investigating factors involved in the implementation process e.g., [52]

3. The use of `home-grown’ and adapted instruments

• Utilize SIRC IRP and NCI GEM projects to identify existing instruments for constructs under evaluation

• Utilize proper test development procedures [27],[33],[34]

• Report adaptations (changes in length, language, structure) and updated psychometrics to assess effect of adaptations

4. Choosing the most appropriate evaluation method and approach

• Consider utilizing mixed-methods approaches

• When appropriate, consider utilizing multi-informant, direct observation, and administrative data in addition to or instead of self-report

5. Practicality

• Keep instrument costs as low as possible

• Keep item numbers low (perhaps 10 or fewer)

• Provide the instrument items in the published manuscript

• Provide the instrument to the NCI GEM project or SIRC IRP

• Make the language accessible

6. Need for decision-making tools

• Utilize the SIRC IRP and NCI GEM projects to identify instruments

• Report on any and all results of psychometric analyses