Scale | Items (total) | Positive range | Negative range | Ambivalent range | Midpoint |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total scores | 1-18 (18) | 18 - 54 | 72 - 108 | 55 - 71 | 63 |
Powerlessness | 4,5,7,8,9,14,17 (7) | 7 - 21 | 28 - 42 | 22 - 27 | 24 |
Confidence | 1,2,3,10,15,16 (6) | 6 - 18 | 24 - 36 | 19 - 23 | 21 |
De-motivation | 6,11,12,13,18 (5) | 5 - 15 | 20 - 30 | 16 - 19 | 17.5 |