Table 1 Steps in the co-KT Framework

Step 1: Initial contact and framing the issue

Data is conveyed from the study context to the researcher context in response to a query. The initial query may be generated by either context, but will be formally framed by the researcher context.

Step 2: Refining and testing

Research team members lead the translation of data and local evidence into a useable commodity by considering existing evidence, the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, and the ongoing input from the study context. This stage may involve conveying information back and forth between the study context and the research context.

Step 3: Interpreting, contextualising and adapting the knowledge base

Local evidence is refined and tested against the existing evidence to create intervention ‘prototypes’ to be introduced and tested in the study context.

Step 4: Implementing and evaluating

Involvement, trial uptake and response to interventions. Community is engaged and involved in evaluating the impact of the interventions, modifications and considerations for ongoing improvement and sustainability.

Step 5: Embedding and translating

Within the study context, new evidence-based interventions are internalized and used to change behaviours, attitudes and work practices. Within the research context, evidence is formalized for local community and for wider scientific community.