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Table 2 Selected behaviour change theories matching barriers in performing HH

From: Explaining the effects of two different strategies for promoting hand hygiene in hospital nurses: a process evaluation alongside a cluster randomised controlled trial

Theory

Focus

Key elements

Social learning theory [26]

Behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.

– Demonstration, role modelling.

– Encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

Social influence theory [27]

Social norm in a network determines what correct behaviour is.

– Norm and target setting.

– Commitment team members.

– Use of opinion leaders.

– Performance feedback.

– Team members address each other in case of undesirable behaviour.

Theory on team effectiveness [28, 29]

Orientation on team climate and willingness to change

– Team Vision: clarity, perceived value, and attainability.

– Participation Safety: decision-making, information sharing, interaction and safety.

– Support for Innovation: articulated and enhanced support.

– Task Orientation: commitment to excellence, appraisal and task orientation.

Theories of leadership [30]

Leading, coaching and managing a team

– Active commitment/participation in performance improvement initiatives.

– Setting norms and targets/direction/expectations.

– Encouragement and support/motivate staff.

– Monitoring performance and feedback.