Table 1 Intervention characteristics

Standard Dissemination (SD)

SD+ Web-based resource and opinion leader (s)

SD + PDSA

Source

Guideline package, including RCN/RCoA national guidelines, patient version, PowerPoint presentation about implementation

Guideline package and web-based learning resource

Guideline package and adaptation of the improvement cycles from the former Modernisation Agency Improvement Leaders Guide. Include readiness to change tool.

Format

Paper and CD

Computer

PDSA paper-based package and facilitator led

Target

Trust/local health board – those who usually received national guideline information

Multi-professional staff, individuals and/or groups

Multi-professional staff groups

Delivered by

Unknown

Local opinion leader(s)

Local PDSA facilitator

Duration

Six months

Six months

Six months

Number of events

One

Multiple, but not specified

Six meetings specified plus local audit activity

Proximity to practice

Remote

Arms length with front line championing

Front line

Setting

Trust

Ward and/or theatre

Ward/theatre/pre-admission clinic

Link to PARIHS

Evidence:

Evidence and facilitation:

Evidence, context and facilitation:

Successful Implementation(SI) = the use of the recommendations in practice with impact on practice and patient outcomes

- research evidence in the guideline (E)

- research evidence in the guideline (E)

- research evidence in the guideline (E)

- patient guideline (E)

- patient guideline (E)

- patient guideline (E) local evidence in PDSA approach(E)

- championing, awareness raising, role modelling, other appropriate facilitative activities (F)

- practitioner experience in PDSA approach (E)

- local evidence particularisation (E,C,F)

- team working (C) project leader (F)

- tailoring practice interventions (F andC)

Intended mechanism of action

Awareness raising

Awareness raising + Social influence and education

Awareness raising + facilitation and localising to front line practice context