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Table 1 Coded measures ( N = 62)

From: Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures

Scale name and original source

Structural (S)

Organizational (O)

Individual: Provider (PR)

Individual: Patient (PA)

Innovation (I)

Construct information

Search article/s

Criterion validity

Implementation context

Alberta Context Tool (ACT) [86]

 

X

   

O: culture, leadership, evaluation, social capital, informal interactions, formal interactions, structural and electronic resources, organizational slack

[86]

Adoption*

Healthcare

[87]

Adoption*

[88]

None

[89]

None

[90]

None

Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation in Europe (AGREE) scale [91]

    

X

I: Scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity and presentation, applicability, editorial independence

[91]

None

EBP government support organizations

[92]

None

Attitudes, Perceived Demand, and Perceived Support (ARTAS) [93]

X

X

 

X

X

S: Funding and policy support

[93]

Adoption*

Healthcare

O: Management support

PA: Patient benefit

I: Adaptability and feasibility

Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument [47]

X

X

X

X

X

S: Social, political, societal context

[47]

Adoption*

Healthcare

[94]

None

O: Organizational context

PR: Care provider characteristics

PA: Patient characteristics

I: Innovation characteristics

Barriers to Implementation of Behavioral Therapy (BIBT) [95]

 

X

X

X

 

O: Institutional constraints, insufficient collegial support

[95]

None

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

[96]

None

PR: Philosophical opposition to evidence-based practice

[97]

None

PA: Client dissatisfaction

Barriers to Research Utilization Scale (BARRIERS) [56]

 

X

X

 

X

O: Setting barriers and limitations

[56]

None

Healthcare

PR: Research skills, values, and awareness of EBP

[77]

Adoption*

I: Quality and presentation of research

[98]

None

[99]

None

[100]

None

[101]

None

[102]

None

[103]

None

[78]

Adoption

[79]

None

[80]

Adoption*

[104]

None

[105]

None

Big 5 Personality (e.g., NEO-FFI) [46]

  

X

  

PR: Personality attributes (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism)

[46]

None

Education

[66]

Fidelity*

California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory [106]

  

X

  

PR: Inquisitiveness, systematicity, analyticity, truth-seeking, open-mindedness, self-confidence, maturity

[106]

None

Healthcare

[107]

Adoption*

[108]

None

Clinical Practice Guidelines Implementation Instrument [64]

 

X

  

X

O: Context features

[64]

None

Healthcare

I: Evidence

Community-Level Predictors [109]

X

    

S: Poverty and population

[109]

Adoption*

Healthcare

Competing Values Framework [62] Adapted from [110, 111]

 

X

   

O: Organizational culture (hierarchical, entrepreneurial, team, and rational)

[62]

None

Healthcare

Context Assessment Index [112]

 

X

   

O: Collaborative practice, evidence-informed practice, respect for persons, practice boundaries, evaluation

[112]

None

Healthcare

Coping Style: Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory [113]

  

X

  

PR: Coping style

[113]

None

Education

[66]

Fidelity*

Decision-Maker Information Needs and Preferences Survey [114]

X

X

X

 

X

S: Financial resources, impact of regulations and legislation

[114]

None

Healthcare

O: Support for EBP

PR: Preferences for EBP information

I: Quality, relevance of EBP

Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire [115]

 

X

   

O: Continuous learning, inquiry and dialogue, collaboration and team learning, systems to capture learning, empower people, connect the organization, provide strategic leadership for learning, financial performance, knowledge performance

[115]

None

Healthcare

[116]

Adoption*

Edmonton Research Orientation Survey (EROS) [58]

  

X

  

PR: Valuing research, research involvement, being at the leading edge

[58]

None

Healthcare

[79]

None

[104]

None

Electronic Health Record Nurse Satisfaction Survey (EHRNS) [117]

    

X

I: Satisfaction with innovation

[117]

None

Healthcare

EPC [52, 118]

  

X

  

PR: Cognitive response style

[52]

None

Healthcare

[118]

Adoption*

[119]

None

Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale [24]

  

X

  

PR: Intuitive appeal of EBP, openness to new practices

[24]

None

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

[120]

Adoption*

[121]

None

[122]

Adoption

[123]

None ‡

Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs Scale [57]

  

X

  

PR: Attitudes about EBP

[57]

Adoption*

Healthcare

[124]

None

[122]

None

[125]

None

Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire [126]

  

X

  

PR: EBP attitudes, knowledge, and skills

[126]

Adoption*

Healthcare

[80]

Adoption*

[77]

Adoption*

Facilitators Scale [105]

 

X

X

 

X

O: Support for research

[105]

None

Healthcare

PR: Education

[98]

None

I: Improving utility of research

[101]

None

Four As Research Utilization Survey [127]

 

X

   

O: Organizational barriers to access, assess, adapt, and apply EBP

[127]

Adoption

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

General Practitioners’ Perceptions of the Route of Evidence-Based Medicine [128]

 

X

X

 

X

O: Organization support for EBP

[128]

None

Healthcare

PR: Attitudes toward EBP

[129]

None

I: Quality of evidence

Group Cohesion Scale [130]

 

X

   

O: Perceived group attractiveness and cohesiveness

[130]

None

Healthcare

[131]

None

GuideLine Implementability Appraisal (GLIA) [132]

    

X

I: Implementability

[132]

None

Healthcare

[133]

None

Healthy Heart Kit Questionnaire [26]

 

X

X

 

X

O: Type of practice

[26]

Adoption*

Healthcare

PR: Perceived confidence and control

I: Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability

Information System Evaluation Tool [134]

    

X

I: Usability and usefulness of innovation

[134]

None

Healthcare

Intention to Leave Scale [135]

 

X

X

  

O: Work rewards, people at work, work load

[135]

None

Healthcare

PR: Intention to leave nursing profession

[131]

None

Job Satisfaction [136]

 

X

X

  

O: Communication and decision-making

[136]

None

Healthcare

PR: Pay, fringe benefits, and promotion, close friends at work

[131]

None

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Expectations of Web-Assisted Tobacco Interventions [137]

    

X

I: Knowledge, expectations, actions, networking, information seeking related to innovation

[137]

None

Healthcare

Knowledge Transfer Inventory (Personal Knowledge Transfer subscale) [138]

  

X

  

PR: Knowledge acquisition and sharing

[138]

None

Healthcare

[139]

None

Knowledge Transfer and Exchange Correlates [140]

X

X

X

  

S: Policymakers use of EBP, and funding support

[140]

Adoption

Healthcare

O: Communication and decision-making

PR: Research skills, and research activities

Leader Member Exchange Scale [141]

 

X

   

O: Leadership style, work environment

[141]

None

Healthcare

[139]

None

Nurses Retention Index [142]

  

X

  

PR: Intention to stay in nursing profession

[142]

None

Healthcare

[131]

None

Nursing Research Utilization Survey [143]

  

X

  

PR: Attitudes towards nursing research

[143]

Adoption*

Healthcare

Nursing Work Index [144]

 

X

   

O: hospital characteristics

[144]

None

Healthcare

[83]

None

[145]

None

Organization Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA) [27]

 

X

 

X

X

O: culture, leadership, measurement, readiness for change, resources, characteristics, role

[27]

None

Healthcare

PA: Evidence: Patient preferences

[146]

Adoption*

I: Evidence: Disagreement, evidence, clinical experience

Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Implementation of EBP (OCRSIEP) [147]

 

X

   

O: organizational culture, readiness for system-wide integration of EBP

[147]

None

Healthcare

[148]

Adoption*

[131]

None

Organizational Culture Survey [60, 149]

 

X

   

O: Constructive Culture (motivation, individualism, support), Passive Defensive Culture (consensus, conformity, subservience)

[149]

None

Education

[60]

None

 

[66]

Fidelity*

Healthcare

Organizational Learning Survey (OLS) [150]

 

X

   

O: Clarity of purpose, leadership, experimentation and rewards, transfer of knowledge, teamwork

[150]

None

Workplace

[145]

None

Organizational Readiness for Change [45]

 

X

X

  

O: Institutional resources, Organizational climate, motivational readiness

[45]

None

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

[78]

Adoption

PR: Staff personality attributes

[151]

Adoption*

Organizational Social Context† [152]

 

X

X

  

O: Climate, culture

[152]

None

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

PR: Work attitudes

[121]

None

Organizational/Psychological Climate [60, 153]

  

X

  

PR: Job satisfaction, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, role conflict

[60]

None

Education

[153]

None

 

[66]

Fidelity*

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

[151]

Adoption*

Ottawa Acceptability of Decision Rules Instrument (OADRI) [154]

    

X

I: Acceptability of clinical practice guidelines

[154]

Adoption*

Healthcare

Perceived Importance of Dissemination Activities [155]

  

X

  

PR: Perceived importance of dissemination activities

[155]

None

University Health Researchers

Pre-Implementation Expectancies [59]

 

X

X

 

X

O: Teacher morale, leadership encouragement

[59]

Adoption*

Education

Fidelity*

PR: Enthusiasm for Implementation, preparedness to implement, implementation self-efficacy

[66]

Fidelity*

I: Compatibility, beliefs about the program

Quality Improvement Implementation Survey [156]

 

X

   

O: Culture, leadership, information and analysis, strategic planning quality, human resource utilization, quality management, quality results, customer satisfaction

[156]

None

Healthcare

[157]

None

Rational Experiential Inventory [158]

  

X

  

PR: Rational and experiential thinking styles

[158]

None

Healthcare

[159]

Adoption*

Research Conduct and Research Utilization by Nurses Questionnaire [160]

  

X

  

PR: Knowledge base for research, attitude towards research utilization

[160]

None

Healthcare

Research Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Research Survey [161]

  

X

  

PR: Research knowledge, attitudes, practice

[161]

None

Healthcare

[79]

None

[104]

Adoption*

Research Utilization Questionnaire (RUQ) [162]

  

X

  

PR: perceived difficulty of research utilization activities, attitudes regarding utilization

[162]

None

Healthcare

Research Utilization Questionnaire (RUQ) [65]

 

X

X

  

O: availability and support

[65]

None

Healthcare

PR: attitude

[163]

None

[108]

Adoption*

[164]

None

San Francisco Treatment Research Center Course Evaluation [165]

 

X

X

  

O: Organizational barriers to adopting EBP, agency

[165]

None

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

[166]

None

Management, strategies to support EBP

PR: Stage of change for using EBPs, attitudes regarding EBP,

past experience with EBP

Team Check-Up Tool [167]

 

X

   

O: Leadership, shared decision-making, shared vision

[167]

None

Healthcare

[83]

Adoption* ‡

Team Climate Inventory [168]

 

X

   

O: Shared vision, shared decision-making, support, information sharing

[168]

Adoption*

Healthcare

[123]

None ‡

Team Functioning Survey [169]

 

X

   

O: Team skill, support, and work environment

[169]

Adoption*

Healthcare

[83]

None

Team Organization and Support Conditions Questionnaire [61]

 

X

   

O: organizational support, team organization, external change agent support

[61]

None

Healthcare

Theoretical-Domains Framework [170]

 

X

X

X

 

O: Management support, organizational support and resources

[170]

None

Healthcare

PR: Perceived knowledge, skills, and abilities, motivation

PA: patient interest in treatment

Theory of Planned Behavior Constructs (i.e., attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control) [25]

  

X

  

PR: Attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control

[25]

None

Healthcare

[171]

Adoption*

[38]

Adoption*

[172]

Adoption

[173]

Adoption*

Therapist Characteristics and Barriers to Implementation [174]

 

X

X

  

O: clinic type, location, organizational support

[174]

None

Mental Health/ Substance Abuse

PR: Perceived skills and ability, counseling discipline, level of education, workload, motivation

Worksite Health Promotion Capacity Instrument (WHPCI) - Health Promotion Willingness subscale [67]

 

X

   

O: Health promotion willingness

[67]

Adoption*

Workplace

  1. Notes. EBP = evidence based practice. * Measure was a statistically significant predictor of the implementation outcome noted. † This scale includes the organizational culture and organizational climate scales also developed by the same author (Glisson & James, 2002). ‡Measure used to predict a patient health outcome.
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Implementation Science

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