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Table 3 Factors associated with the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP), by a multivariate logistic regression analysis

From: Implementation of evidence-based practice across medical, nursing, pharmacological and allied healthcare professionals: a questionnaire survey in nationwide hospital settings

EBP implementation

Yes

No

OR

95% CI

p-value

N = 2111

N = 2927

Beliefs

1,696 (80.3)

1,908 (65.2)

1.485

1.230 ~ 1.792

<0.001

Attitudes

1,476 (69.9)

1,539 (52.6)

1.248

1.052 ~ 1.479

0.011

Knowledge

788 (37.3)

656 (22.4)

1.655

1.377 ~ 1.989

<0.001

Skills

536 (25.4)

312 (10.7)

1.354

1.153 ~ 1.591

<0.001

Training

981 (56.5)

547 (18.7)

1.914

1.618 ~ 2.264

<0.001

Barriers – lack of

     

   Time

710 (33.6)

1,246 (42.6)

1.042

0.886 ~ 1.225

0.621

   Basic knowledge

710 (33.6)

1,246 (42.6)

0.816

0.694 ~ 0.959

0.014

   Skills in critical appraisal

710 (33.6)

1,246 (42.6)

1.013

0.837 ~ 1.226

0.895

   Skills in literature searching

905 (42.9)

1,532 (52.3)

0.777

0.640 ~ 0.944

0.011

   Clinical incorporation

1,188 (56.3)

1,717 (58.7)

0.844

0.708 ~ 1.006

0.059

   Convenient application kits

1,045 (49.5)

1,669 (57.0)

1.132

0.950 ~ 1.349

0.167

   Capable designated personnel

748 (35.4)

1,402 (47.9)

0.978

0.824 ~ 1.162

0.804

   Space for access to EBP resources

858 (40.6)

16.3 (54.8)

0.990

0.830 ~ 1.182

0.914

   Library resources

899 (42.6)

1,431 (48.9)

0.849

0.716 ~ 1.007

0.060

   Organizational climate

519 (24.6)

1,024 (35.0)

1.043

0.832 ~ 1.307

0.716

   Support from superiors

873 (41.4)

1,370 (46.8)

0.826

0.635 ~ 1.075

0.156

Demographic

     

   Male

495 (23.4)

320 (10.9)

1.124

0.868 ~ 1.454

0.375

   Director

358 (17.0)

239 (8.2)

1.237

0.975 ~ 1.569

0.080

   Faculty

633 (30.0)

496 (16.9)

1.490

1.247 ~ 1.780

<0.001

Profession

     

   Physician

436 (20.7)

178 (6.1)

1.932

1.394 ~ 2.678

<0.001

   Pharmacist

169 (8.0)

232 (7.9)

0.801

0.610 ~ 1.051

0.110

   Physical therapist

78 (3.7)

71 (2.5)

1.137

0.764 ~ 1.692

0.526

   Technician

122 (5.8)

260 (8.8)

0.574

0.436 ~ 0.755

<0.001

   Other allied

75 (3.6)

63 (2.2)

1.527

1.009 ~ 2.310

0.045

   Nurse

1,231 (58.2)

2,123 (72.5)

reference

Working experience (years)

     

   <5

630 (29.8)

981 (33.5)

0.937

0.727 ~ 1.208

0.617

   5 ~ 10

782 (33.0)

1,152 (39.4)

0.928

0.762 ~ 1.130

0.457

   >10

699 (33.2)

794 (27.1)

reference

Academic level

     

   Master’s or doctorate

275 (13.0)

142 (4.8)

1.445

1.056 ~ 1.978

0.022

   Bachelor’s

861 (40.8)

912 (31.2)

1.240

1.024 ~ 1.501

0.027

   Junior college

521 (24.7)

943 (32.2)

1.078

0.904 ~ 1.285

0.403

   Technical school

454 (21.5)

930 (31.8)

reference

Age (years)

     

   20 ~ 30

775 (36.7)

1,308 (44.7)

1.331

0.985 ~ 1.799

0.063

   31 ~ 40

974 (46.1)

1,237 (42.3)

1.214

0.961 ~ 1.534

0.104

   >40

362 (17.2)

382 (13.0)

reference