From: A systematic review of hand hygiene improvement strategies: a behavioural approach
Determinant | Behaviour change technique | Description of the activity in studies |
---|---|---|
Knowledge | Provide general information | Educational sessions or educational materials |
Increase memory or understanding of information | Group discussion, answering questions, clarification | |
Awareness | Risk communication | Information about risks of non adherence or inadequate hand hygiene (infection rates, costs) |
Delayed feedback of behaviour | Overview of recorded hand hygiene behaviour | |
Direct feedback of behaviour | Using a system to make professionals aware of their hand hygiene behaviour soon after planned execution | |
Feedback of clinical outcomes | Overview of nosocomial infections | |
Social influence | Provide information about peer behaviour | Information about peers’ opinions of correct hand hygiene |
Provide opportunities for social comparison | Group sessions with peers in which discussion and social comparison of hand hygiene practices can occur | |
Mobilise social norm: | Exposing the professional to the social norm of important others (not peers) such as opinion leaders | |
Attitude | Persuasive communication | Positive consequences of proper hand hygiene |
Reinforcement of behavioural progress | Praise, encouragement, or material rewards | |
Self-efficacy | Modeling | Use of a role model. Demonstration of proper hand hygiene behaviour in group, class, or team |
Verbal persuasion | Messages designed to strengthen control beliefs about the way of performing correct hand hygiene | |
Guided practice | Teaching skills and providing feedback. Specific instruction for correct hand hygiene behaviour | |
Plan coping responses | Identification and coping with potential barriers | |
Set graded tasks, goal setting: | Desired hand hygiene behaviour is achieved with a stepwise model | |
Intention | General intention information | Explanation of the goals and targets concerning hand hygiene |
Agree to behavioural contract | Contract or commitment with formulated goals of hand hygiene behaviour | |
Action control | Use of cues | Reminders |
Maintenance | Following behavioural change | Not addressed |
Facilitation of behaviour | Provide materials to facilitate behaviour | Supportive materials are provided for the healthcare workers |
 | Continuous professional support | Involves service provided by infection control team or working group, and/or an additional nurse who attends the implementation |