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Table 1 Thematic content analysis based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)

From: Identifying factors likely to influence compliance with diagnostic imaging guideline recommendations for spine disorders among chiropractors in North America: a focus group study using the Theoretical Domains Framework

TDF domainsa

Number of questions

Utterances

Reduceb(%)

Increasec(%)

No influence (%)

Specific beliefs

Themes

Nature of the behaviors

2

88

45 (51.1)

35 (39.8)

8 (9.1)

7

Lumbar x-ray utilization

Skills

3

1

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (100)

1

None identified

Beliefs about capabilities

3

106

70 (66)

31 (29.2)

5 (4.7)

5

Capabilities; ease of ordering test

Motivation & goals

5

50

28 (56)

17 (34)

5 (10)

4

Intrinsic motivations

Beliefs about consequences

4

334

93 (27.8)

211 (63.2)

30 (18.9)

15

Consequence of ordering lumbar x-rays; attitudes

Environmental context and resources

2

41

16 (39)

25 (61)

0

3

Environmental resource; Signs within the clinic

Social influences

2

128

37 (29)

62 (48)

19 (13.3)

6

Influence of others’ opinions (colleagues, patients); influence of organization and new literature

Emotion

2

4

1 (25)

1 (25)

2 (50)

2

Own emotions

Knowledge

7

86

39 (45.3)

33 (38.4)

14 (16.3)

6

Awareness of the guidelines; knowledge of evidence

Memory, attention, and decision process

4

77

67 (87)

10 (13)

0 (0)

8

Factors that influence decision; ease of decision

Social/professional role &identity

4

133

39 (29)

67 (50.4)

27 (20.3)

12

Professional role; professional norms; professional agreement

Behavioral regulation

5

91

91 (100)

0 (0)

0 (0)

12

Ways to reduce testing; barriers; organizational changes; post intentional behavior

Total

43

1,139

526 (46.2)

492 (43.2)

109 (9.6)

88

23

  1. aTDF domains are presented in the order in which questions were asked in the focus groups. bUtterances perceived to reduce x-ray utilization (facilitators). cUtterances perceived to increase x-ray utilization (barriers).