Behavioral-change domains | Some interview questions to explore behaviour change |
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Knowledge | Can you describe the guidelines to perform proper HH? |
 | Can you discuss when to perform HH? |
 | Can you describe why you should be performing HH? |
 | Can you describe how the EMS works? |
 | Do you know what information the EMS can collect? |
Skills | Can you explain the proper procedure of performing HH? |
 | How easy or difficult is it to perform HH on your unit? |
 | Can you describe how to use the EMS? |
 | Do you know how to respond when the EMS reminds you? |
Social/professional role and identity (self-standards) | What role will the EMS play in enhancing HH? |
 | Do you think the EMS should determine how you perform HH? |
 | Do you feel that the guidelines for performing HH with the EMS are congruent with your professional standards of practice? |
 | Should proper HH be practiced at all levels of staff? |
Beliefs about capabilities (self-efficacy) | Difficult or easy is it for you to maintain proper HH? |
 | What problems have you encountered when trying to practice proper HH? |
 | What would help you to increase HH compliance? |
 | How confident are you that you can increase compliance with the barriers and difficulties you face? |
 | How well equipped and comfortable do you feel in increasing your level of HH compliance? When using the EMS? |
 | How capable do you feel in maintaining increased compliance with HH? When using the EMS? |
 | How well will this EMS record your HH? |
Beliefs about consequences (anticipated outcomes/ attitudes) | Does HH play an important role in your current practice? For yourself? For your patients? Can you explain why? |
 | Do you believe that this EMS will play an important role in your practice? |
 | Do you foresee any positive or negative outcomes of increased HH compliance on patient outcomes? Staff outcomes? Do you foresee these outcomes/consequences as long term or short term? |
 | Do you foresee a negative consequence of using the EMS? For patient outcomes? Staff outcomes? |
 | What do you think will happen if HH compliance is not increased in terms of patient outcomes? Staff outcomes? Do you think these are short- or long-term consequences? |
 | How will you feel if you are able to increase HH compliance? How will you feel if you do not? |
Motivation and goals (intention) | Would you like to increase your HH compliance? |
 | Do you feel a need to increase your HH compliance? |
 | What are your reasons for increasing your HH compliance? |
 | Is there any aspect of your HH performance that you could improve on? Frequency, activity related? |
 | Are there other things that you would like to achieve that might interfere with increasing your HH compliance? |
 | Are there incentives to increasing HH compliance? If so, what are they? |
 | Are there incentives to use the EMS? If so, what are they? |
Memory, attention, and decision processes | Do you usually perform HH? How often on a regular shift? |
 | Do you consciously think and make the decision to wash your hands? |
 | What factors influence that decision? Type of care activity? Type of patient? Time? |
 | How much attention do you have to pay to perform HH? |
 | Do you remember to perform HH? How? |
 | Do you think the reminder system in the EMS will enhance your HH? |
 | Can you think of times where you might not perform HH, such as competing tasks or time constraints? |
Environmental context and resources (environmental constraints) | Where do you currently disinfect your hands? |
 | Have you used a wearable alcohol dispenser device? How does this impact your HH performance? |
 | To what extent do physical or resource factors, such as the availability and functioning of wall units and technology, facilitate or hinder performing HH? |
 | Do you think necessary resources are available for staff to increase HH compliance? |
 | Do you believe that the EMS will enhance your HH performance? |
Social influences (norms) | Does HH play an important role on your unit? Can you explain why? |
 | Do you believe that nursing staff on this unit are washing their hands when necessary? |
 | To what extent do social influences facilitate or hinder performing HH? Social influence from your peers? Managers? Other professional groups? Patients? Relatives? |
 | Do you believe that there will be social influences from your peers to use the EMS? Managers? Patients? Other groups? |
 | Will you or have you ever observed others performing HH? |
 | Do you have role models in performing HH? |
Emotion | Does performing HH elicit an emotional response? If so, what? |
 | To what extent will emotional factors facilitate or hinder your HH? |
 | Do you believe that emotional factors will influence the use of the EMS? |
Behavioral regulation | What initial steps need to be taken to improve HH compliance/use the EMS on an individual level? |
 | How about on an organizational level? |
 | Can you think of any procedures that would encourage increased HH compliance/use of EMS? |
Nature of the behaviours | How will the EMS increase HH compliance? |
 | Who needs to work differently for this to occur? When? Where? |
 | How do you know whether increased HH compliance has occurred? |
 | What do you currently do in terms of performing HH? |
 | Is this a new or existing behavior that needs to become a habit? |
 | Can the context be used to prompt you to perform HH? (prompts: layout, reminders, equipment) |
 | How long do you think the changes are going to take? |