What helps and hinders midwives in engaging with pregnant women about stopping smoking? A cross-sectional survey of perceived implementation difficulties among midwives in the North East of England

Table 5 Sequential linear regression assessing association of independent variables with referral behaviour ª

Independent variables	B	SE	t	Adjusted R ²
Model 1				.106
Length of time worked as a midwife^b	.051	.159	.319
Main place of work^c	–.843	.141	−6.002**
Trained in smoking cessation	–.139	.180	–.770
Model 2				.199
Length of time worked as a midwife^b	–.100	.152	–.658
Main place of work^c	–.422	.149	−2.840*
Trained in smoking cessation	.082	.174	.470
Propensity to act	.851	.134	6.373**

B = beta; SE = standard error.
^a‘I always refer pregnant women who smoke to a stop-smoking service’; ^btwo groups: (1) 10 years or less or (2) more than 10 years; ^ctwo groups: (1) in the community or an integrated team or (2) in a fetal medicine unit, day assessment unit, antenatal clinic, inpatient ward or rotational.
*p = .005; **p < .001.