Table 1 Variables and questionnaires used in the study
Concept | Sample item | Response format | Cronbach’s Alpha |
|---|---|---|---|
Dependent Variables | |||
Frequency of PDA/ Tablet PC Use | “How often did you use a PDA or Tablet PC as part of the PDA Initiative?” | “0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” | Single item |
Frequency of use of RNAO BPGs | “For each information resource, please indicate how frequently you accessed it during a typical week.” | “0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” | Single item |
Frequency of use of Nursing PLUS | “For each information resource, please indicate how frequently you accessed it during a typical week.” | “0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” | Single item |
Frequency of use of Lexi or PEPID drug and medical reference guide | “For each information resource, please indicate how frequently you accessed it during a typical week.” | “0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” | Single item |
Independent Variables | |||
Organizational Context | |||
Alberta Context Tool (Estabrooks, 2009) | |||
Leadership (6 items) | “Focuses on successes rather than failures.” | “1=strongly disagree”, “2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.91 |
Culture (6 items) | “I receive recognition from others about my work.” | “1=strongly disagree”, “2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.79 |
Feedback processes/evaluation (6 items) | “Our team routinely monitors our performance with respect to the action plans.” | “1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.92 |
Informal interaction (9 items) | “How often did you have a patient care related discussion with other nurses (RNs or RPNs).” | “never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. | NA |
Formal interaction (4 items) | “In the last typical month, how often did you participate in team meetings.” | “never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. | NA |
Social capital (6 items) | “People in the group share information with others in the group.” | “1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.8 |
Structural and electronic resources (11 items) | “In the last typical month, how often did you use a library?” | “never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. | NA |
Slack, staffing (3 items) | “On my unit we have enough staff to get the necessary w ork done.” | “1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.88 |
Slack, space (3 items) | “On my unit we have adequate space to provide patient care.” | “1=strongly disagree”, “2=disagree”, “3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”, “5=strong agree”. | 0.76 |
Slack, Time | “How often do you have time to do something extra for patients?” | “1=never”, “2=rarely”,“3=occasionally”,“4=frequently”,“5=almost always”. | 0.8 |
Organizational support (Estabrooks, 1997) | “There is support for innovative ideas about patient care.” | “1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | Single item |
Breadth device functions | “Did you use the PDA or Tablet for recording vital signs?” | 0=No;1=Yes | NA |
Individual Nurse Characteristic Variables | |||
Attitude toward research (Lacey, 1994) | “Research is needed to continually improve clinical practice.” | “1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.81 |
Belief willing to implement research (Estabrooks, 1997) | “I am willing to implement research when it contradicts something I learned in nursing school.” | “1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.8 |
Belief, actually implements research (Estabrooks, 1997) | “How often do you actually implement research when it contradicts something you learned in nursing school.” | “never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. | 0.87 |
Problem-solving (Heppner, 1986) | “When I have a problem, I think of as many possible ways to handle it as I can until I can’t come up with any more ideas.” | “1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. | 0.72 |
Emotional exhaustion (3 items) Maslach Burnout Inventory(Schaufeli, et al., 1986) | “I feel burned out from my work.” | “0=never”,“1=a few times a year or less”,“2=once a month or less”,“3=a few times a month”, “4=once a week”,“5=a few times a week”, “6=every day”. | 0.86 |
Cynicism (3 items) (Schaufeli, et al., 1986) | “I have become more cynical about whether my work contributes to anything.” | “0=never”,“1=a few times a year or less”,“2=once a month or less”,“3=a few times a month”, “4=once a week”,“5=a few times a week”, “6=every day”. | 0.75 |
Professional efficacy (3 items) (Schaufeli, et al., 1986) | “I feel exhilarated when I accomplish something at work.” | “0=never”,“1=a few times a year or less”,“2=once a month or less”,“3=a few times a month”, “4=once a week”,“5=a few times a week”, “6=every day”. | 0.76 |