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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants by inpatient CR referral strategy

From: Effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient strategies in increasing referral and utilization of cardiac rehabilitation: a prospective, multi-site study

Characteristic

PRE-APPROVED

PRE-BOOKED

TOTAL

 

Yes

No

Yes

No

 

(11 wards)

(6 wards)

(4 wards)

(13 wards)

(17 wards)

n = 1172

n = 637

n = 478

n = 1331

n = 1809

Sociodemographic

     

 Mean age, yrs (SD)

65.53 (10.20)

65.14 (10.75)

64.91 (9.93)

65.56 (10.55)

65.39 (10.40)

 Gender, female, n (%)

256 (21.8)

196 (30.8)***

91 (19.0)

361 (27.1)‡

452 (25.0)

 White ethnocultural background, n (%)

968 (86.4)

478 (78.0)***

399 (88.7)

1047 (81.6)**

1446 (83.4)

 Married, n (%)

923 (79.0)

469 (75.4)

376 (79.0)

1016 (77.3)

1392 (77.8)

 Some post-secondary education or greater, n (%)

851 (74.1)

461 (76.3)

345 (72.9)

967 (75.5)

1312 (74.8)

 Retired, n (%)

592 (52.4)

313 (51.2)

226 (49.3)

679 (53.0)

905 (52.0)

 Family income ≥$50,000 CAD (approx. $28,500 USD), n (%)

473 (50.8)

257 (48.7)

207 (55.9)

523 (48.0)**

730 (50.0)

 Rural living, n (%)

196 (16.7)

117 (18.4)

69 (14.4)

244 (18.3)

313 (17.3)

Clinical

     

 Cardiac condition/procedure, n (%)

     

 MI

366 (31.4)

136 (21.6)***

136 (28.6)

366 (27.7)

502 (28.0)

 PCI

301 (25.7)

301 (47.9)***

27 (5.7)

575 (43.5)***

602 (33.5)

 CABG

550 (47.0)

193 (30.7)***

363 (76.3)

380 (28.7)***

743 (41.3)

 Heart failure

135 (11.5)

59 (9.4)

51 (10.7)

143 (10.8)

194 (10.8)

 Arrhythmia

151 (12.9)

72 (11.4)

76 (16.0)

147 (11.1)**

223 (12.4)

 Valve repair/replacement

118 (10.1)

35 (5.6)**

62 (13.0)

91 (6.9)***

153 (8.5)

 Diabetes, n (%)

330 (29.5)

187 (35.6)*

139 (30.5)

378 (31.8)

517 (31.5)

 Mean BMI (SD)

29.31 (5.66)

28.54 (5.01)*

29.23 (4.79)

28.95 (5.71)

29.04 (5.45)

 Family history of CVD, n (%)

596 (63.3)

258 (68.4)

262 (62.7)

592 (65.7)

854 (64.7)

 Hypertension, n (%)

798 (72.0)

441 (78.3)**

339 (73.7)

900 (74.3)

1239 (74.1)

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

823 (80.3)

461 (84.9)*

368 (82.7)

916 (81.6)

1284 (81.9)

 Smoker, n (%)

66 (5.8)

45 (7.4)

25 (5.4)

86 (6.7)

111 (6.4)

 Mean DASI score (SD)

26.97 (17.07)

29.65 (17.26)**

22.73 (16.28)

29.76 (17.12)***

27.91 (17.18)

 Comorbidities present, n (%)

709 (66.0)

405 (71.4)*

304 (67.9)

810 (67.8)

1114 (67.8)

  1. Note. n = 1809. PRE-APPROVED = physician signature not required (CR referral pathway endorsed and pre-approved by cardiac program leadership), PRE-BOOKED = CR intake appointment booked pre-hospital discharge.
  2. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.
  3. BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CR = cardiac rehabilitation, CVD = cardiovascular disease; DASI = Duke Activity Status Index; MI = myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; SD = standard deviation.
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Implementation Science

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