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Table 1 ORC instruments with published psychometrics and validation issues

From: Predicting implementation from organizational readiness for change: a study protocol

ORC instrument

Description

Validation issue

Key citations

Organizational e-readiness

Measures organizational members' perceptions of readiness for adoption of e-commerce.

Not suited to measuring implementation of general, evidence-based health service practices.

[27, 79]

Organizational readiness

Measures organizational members' perceptions of organization's data warehouse process maturity.

Not suited to measuring implementation of general, evidence-based health service practices.

[28]

Organizational readiness for change

Two scales drawn from Pasmore Sociotechnical Systems Assessment Survey (STSAS) measuring innovativeness and cooperativeness.

The STSAS, while validated, was not designed or validated to be a measure of ORC; authors drew on two subscales they believed are related to organizational readiness.

[24]

TCU organizational readiness for change

Measures organizational members' perceptions of the motivation for change, adequacy of resources, staff attributes, and organizational climate.

Extensively used, with published evidence of reliability and validity. However, results have varied, with poor scale reliability reported by recent studies, and inconsistent relationships observed between individual scales or readiness dimensions and outcomes.

[19, 22, 80, 81]

Change-related commitment

Measures employee's agreement and willingness to work toward a goal of organizational change.

Published evidence of reliability and validity, but designed for individual-level factors. Ignores the role of interdependence among the individuals involved.

[23]

Commitment to change

Measures three dimensions of organizational members' commitment to a change: affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment.

Published evidence of reliability and validity, but designed for individual-level factors. Ignores the role of interdependence among the individuals involved.

[25]

Readiness for organizational change

Measures organizational members' perceptions of the appropriateness of change, management support, self-efficacy and personal benefit.

Published evidence of reliability and validity, but designed for individual-level factors. Ignores the role of interdependence among the individuals involved.

[26]

  1. Summarized from Weiner BJ, Amick H, Lee S-YD: Conceptualization and measurement of organizational readiness for change: A review of the literature in health services research and other fields. Medical Care Research and Review 2008, 65(4): 379-436.