Table 2 Factors associated with dissemination of innovations and how these factors likely influence use of EBTs^a

Characteristics of the innovation. Innovation more likely to be adopted if it:

• Is compatible with adopters' values, norms, needs.

↓↓↓

• Is simple to implement.

↓↓

• Can be adapted, refined, modified for adopters' needs.

↓↓↓

• Is accompanied by easily available or provided knowledge required for its use.

↓↓↓

Sources of communication and influence. Uptake of innovation influenced by:

• Structure and quality of social and communication networks.

↓

• Similarity of sources of information to targeted adopters; e.g., in terms of socioeconomic, educational, professional, and cultural backgrounds.

↓

External influences. Uptake of innovation influenced by:

• Policy mandates.

↑↓ (attitudes), ↑↑↑ (use)

Linkages among the components. Innovation more likely to be adopted if there are:

• Formal linkages between developers and users early in development.

↓↓↓

• Effective relationships between any designated "change agents" and targeted adopters.

↓

Characteristics of individual adopters

• General and context-specific psychological traits.

↑↓

• Finding the intervention personally relevant.

↑↓

Structural and cultural characteristics of potential organizational adopters. Innovation more likely to be adopted if organization:

• Has effective data systems.

↓↓

• Is "ready" for change because of ...available time and resources for change, and capacity to evaluate innovation's implementation.

↓↓↓

The uptake process. Innovation more likely to be adopted with:

• Funding.

↓↓↓ (Tribal/IHS), ↑↑↑ (EBT-specific)

• Adaptation and reinvention.

↓↓↓

Programmatic Priorities. Innovation more likely to be adopted if it:^c

• Is consistent with the programmatic priorities of the adopter.^c

↓↓