Table 1 Selected examples of evidence-based treatments for substance use problems

• Contingency

management

Provide positive reinforcement (i.e., rewards) for progress

in treatment (most typically abstinence from substance

use) [66].

• Motivational

interviewing/

motivational

enhancement therapy

Focuses on facilitating behavioral change by helping

individuals to explore and resolve ambivalence towards

treatment and become committed to addressing their

substance use problems [67].

• Behavioral couples

therapy

Focuses on building an abstinence-supporting relationship

between the person who is abusing substances and his or

her partner [68].

• Relapse prevention

therapy

Teaches individuals with substance addiction a number of

specific skills to reduce the risk of relapse [69].

• Medication for relapse

prevention

The use of medications to help prevent relapse of

substance use problems, such as naltrexone, methadone,

and buprenorphine [71].