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Table 4 Theories, models, and other measures of individual cognitions and attributes and example questions

From: Instrument development, data collection, and characteristics of practices, staff, and measures in the Improving Quality of Care in Diabetes (iQuaD) Study

Model, theoretical constructs (number of questions)

Example Item(s)

Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)

 

Attitude (3)

In my management of patients with diabetes I think it is beneficial to them to 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Subjective Norm (2)

In my management of patients with diabetes I am expected to 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Perceived Behavioural Control (2)

In my management of patients with diabetes I am confident that I can 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Intention (3)

In my management of patients with diabetes I intend to 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Direct estimate of Intention (1)

Over the next 12 months, given 10 patients 'whose BMI is above target,' for how many do you intend to 'provide advice about weight management.' (Scored 0 to 10)

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

 

Outcome expectancies (3)

In my management of patients with diabetes I think it is good practice to 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Self Efficacy:

Clinical behaviour: 1 (10); 2 (9); 3 (8);(9); 5 (8); 6 (11)

I am confident that I can 'provide advice about weight management' to any patient whose BMI is above target even when 'the patient's BMI has been stable for five years.' (scored 1 to 7)

Learning Theory (OLT)

 

Anticipated consequences (3)

In my management of patients with diabetes 'whose BMI is above target.'.. overall, it is highly likely that they will be worse off if I 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Evidence of habitual behaviour (2)

In my management of patients with diabetes 'whose BMI is above target.'.. it is my usual practice to 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Self-reported Habit Index (SRHI) (12)

Providing advice about weight management to patients whose BMI is above target is something that 'I do frequently.' (scored 1 to 7)

Action planning/coping planning

 

Action planning (3)

I have a clear plan of 'how I will' 'provide advice about weight management.' (scored 1 to 7)

Coping planning:

Clinical behaviour: 1 (10); 2 (9); 3 (4); 4 (9); 5 (8); 6 (11)

I have made a clear plan regarding 'providing advice about weight management to patients whose BMI is above target if ...' 'the patient's BMI has been stable for five years' (scored 1 to 7)

Past behaviour (1)

Over the past 12 months, for approximately how many of the last 10 patients with diabetes 'whose BMI was above target' did you 'provide advice about weight management' (scored 0 to 10).

Demographics

Gender, years qualified, trainer status, sessions worked per week; role within primary care practice; job title