Table 3 Perceived feasibility of possible policy measures addressing environmental determinants of physical activity among children
Policy measures developed in the first Delphi round | Type of policy measure | Perceived overall feasibility (weighted median score)a | Consensus (SD) | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Municipality A: social cohesion | ||||
1. Multi-use of school yards b | Juridical/environmental | 5.08 | 0.75 | 4.00-6.37 |
2. Subsidy for citizens' initiatives to increase social cohesionb | Economic | 5.05 | 0.80 | 3.10-6.30 |
3. Democratic decision process when implementing new neighborhood facilities | Juridical | 4.65 | 0.65 | 4.00-6.30 |
4. Stimulate/oblige parents to choose primary school within own neighborhoodb | Communicative/juridical | 4.30 | 1.26 | 1.00-5.47 |
5. Spatial planning that enhances daily encountersb | Environmental | 4.10 | 0.95 | 2.90-6.20 |
Municipality A: accessibility of facilities | ||||
6. Attractive (walking) routes for children b | Environmental | 5.19 | 0.83 | 3.60-7.00 |
7. Informal play facilities (fallow lands, sand hills) | Juridical/environmental | 5.01 | 0.81 | 3.80-6.50 |
8. Multi-use of vacant parking placesb | Juridical/environmental | 4.58 | 0.80 | 3.00-5.30 |
9. Outdoor exercise facilities for adults (role models) | Environmental | 4.50 | 0.74 | 3.00-5.50 |
10. Increase economic accessibility of sport facilities | Economic | 4.10 | 0.65 | 3.50-5.70 |
Municipality A: traffic safety | ||||
11. Local Safety Label for primary schools | Communicative | 5.25 | 1.02 | 3.70-6.70 |
12. Fencing off streets for outdoor play | Juridical/environmental | 5.25 | 1.41 | 2.00-6.04 |
13. Enhance responsibility of school boards and parents for traffic safety b | Communicative | 5.20 | 0.73 | 3.60-6.00 |
14. Car-free/low-traffic school zones during peak hoursc | Juridical/environmental | 4.43 | 0.70 | 3.20-5.15 |
Municipality B: social cohesion | ||||
15. Use major changes in neighborhoods to increase social cohesion | Communicative | 5.43 | 0.90 | 3.00-6.20 |
16. Stimulate initiatives of citizens to increase social cohesionb | Economic/communicative | 5.22 | 1.03 | 2.80-6.80 |
17. Multi-use of school yardsb | Juridical/environmental | 5.05 | 1.51 | 1.30-7.00 |
18. Increase social cohesion by business licensing requirements | Juridical | 4.61 | 0.70 | 3.80-6.10 |
Municipality B: accessibility of facilities | ||||
19. Attractive (walking) routes for childrenb | Environmental | 5.51 | 1.09 | 2.80-7.00 |
20. Multi-use of vacant parking placesb | Juridical/environmental | 4.48 | 0.64 | 3.90-5.63 |
21. Dispersal of play facilities over the neighborhood | Environmental | 3.83 | 0.74 | 2.90-5.50 |
22. Car free neighborhoods | Environmental | 3.35 | 1.11 | 2.30-5.80 |
Municipality B: traffic safety | ||||
23. Supervised active commuting to school | Communicative | 5.68 | 0.99 | 3.90-6.85 |
24. Increase awareness for active commuting to school | Communicative | 4.90 | 1.04 | 2.80-6.35 |
25. School zones that discourage carsc | Juridical/environmental | 4.40 | 0.85 | 2.70-5.60 |
26. Infrastructural facilities that help children reach popular destinations | Environmental | 4.20 | 0.81 | 2.70-4.95 |
Municipality C: social cohesion | ||||
27. Fencing off streets for outdoor play b | Juridical/environmental | 5.05 | 0.83 | 4.05-6.53 |
28. Maintain play function of play facilities for children | Juridical | 4.55 | 0.40 | 4.00-5.10 |
29. Stimulate/oblige parents to choose primary school within own neighborhood b | Communicative/juridical | 3.70 | 0.54 | 3.15-4.50 |
30. Improve neighborhood's population composition | Juridical/economical | 2.85 | 1.55 | 1.75-6.00 |
Municipality C: accessibility of facilities | ||||
31. Parking policies that stimulate active transportation | Environmental | 4.90 | 0.64 | 4.00-5.80 |
32. Attract facilities in the neighborhood by adjusting the municipal zoning plan | Juridical | 4.90 | 0.44 | 4.20-5.45 |
33. Physical education facilities in the direct surroundings of the school | Environmental | 3.80 | 0.35 | 3.60-4.55 |
34. Dependences of well-known (professional) sport clubs in the neighborhood | Environmental | 3.00 | 0.76 | 2.60-4.75 |
Municipality C: traffic safety | ||||
35. Communication around active commuting | Communicative | 5.60 | 0.46 | 5.20-6.65 |
36. Traffic education for children at primary schools | Communicative | 5.40 | 0.69 | 4.40-6.45 |
37. Attractive routes for recreation (bicycling, skating) | Environmental | 4.30 | 0.57 | 3.80-5.20 |
38. Improve public transportation supply | Environmental | 3.85 | 0.89 | 2.80-5.55 |
Municipality D: social cohesion | ||||
39. Assign a part of the neighborhood maintenance budget to citizens | Economic | 5.50 | 0.76 | 4.00-6.06 |
40. Organizing agreements with local actors about neighborhood activities | Juridical/communicative | 5.40 | 0.48 | 4.75-6.20 |
41. Assign part of the budget for neighborhood activities to local actors | Economic | 5.30 | 0.59 | 4.10-5.70 |
42. Neighborhood agreements that increases the feeling of social safety | Juridical/communicative | 5.15 | 0.68 | 4.80-6.50 |
43. Spatial planning that enhances daily encounters b | Environmental | 5.10 | 0.53 | 4.40-5.90 |
Municipality D: accessibility of facilities | ||||
44. Safety Impact Assessment for all sport facilities | Juridical/communicative | 5.80 | 0.91 | 4.30-6.80 |
45. Physical infrastructure to increase the accessibility of sport facilities | Environmental | 5.40 | 1.15 | 2.57-5.75 |
46. Spatial planning that fits the needs of different target groups (youth, elderly) | Environmental | 4.90 | 0.74 | 3.50-5.70 |
47. Location of sport facilities (easily accessible from the neighborhood) | Environmental/juridical | 4.45 | 0.69 | 3.80-5.70 |
Municipality D: traffic safety | ||||
48. Provide users of facilities with information to enhance traffic safety b | Communicative | 5.75 | 0.27 | 5.40-6.10 |
49. Couple maximum traffic speeds to standard street types | Juridical | 5.45 | 0.51 | 4.40-5.90 |
50. Car-free/low-traffic school zonesc | Juridical/environmental | 4.50 | 0.57 | 3.45-5.30 |
51. Deregulation of traffic situations | Juridical/environmental | 4.30 | 0.52 | 3.90-5.37 |