Short- and long-term effects of a quality improvement collaborative on diabetes management

Table 4 Process measures: professional performance

Intermediate outcome indicators (percentage of patients)	Baseline		Short term (one year follow up)		Long term (two years follow up)
	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control
Medical record ( n = 1,861)
HbA1c checked within 12 months	82.4	91.5*	95.7	95.4	93.7	93.2
Blood pressure checked within 12 months	79.4	89.7***	89.9	93.1	88.6	91.1
Cholesterol checked within 12 months	69.4	80.1	83.2	84.3	82.2	83.4
Creatinine test within 12 months	72.9	82.1	87.8	86.9	85.5	86.8
Urine test (microalbuminuria) within 12 months	37.9	49.9	45.1	56.6	45.3	61.0
Weighed within12 months	68.7	78.7	81.2	84.8	74.5	83.5
Body mass index calculated within 12 months	22.7	33.4	43.7	39.1	41.8	43.7
Survey (n = 1,630)
Eye examination within 12 months	85.2	90.9*	88.3	90.8	90.1	92.5
Foot examination within 12 months	77.5	77.8	82.7	82.7	83.0	85.2
Visit to dietician (survey) within 12 months	29.5	23.8*	15.8	12.8	17.8	9.9**
Visit to podotherapist (survey) within12 months	27.7	26.8	20.6	26.8	28.0	27.3
Received advice to self-monitor blood glucuose	72.4	66.3	69.7	64.8	68.7	65.7
Received instruction to monitor blood glucose	74.2	68.2	59.5	52.4*	61.7	55.8*
Received advice to examine feet	76.4	72.1	77.2	68.5*	75.2	69.4*
Received instruction to examine feet	64.6	59.2	65.9	56.3*	66.0	59.5*
Received advice not to gain weight	88.4	89.1	70.9	71.0	68.4	67.1
Received advice for healthful diet	94.9	93.7	75.1	71.6	72.4	67.6
Received advice for regular exercise	93.6	91.1	82.9	79.6	78.6	76.5
Received advice to stop smoking	74.6	75.7	77.9	73.0	64.6	65.8

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
Performance scores are presented as unadjusted.
P value is for testing the difference between intervention and control arm at baseline and one year follow up, andbaseline and two years follow up, respectively, using a mixed logistic model for dichotomous outcomes, and a mixed regression model for continuous outcomes adjusting for baseline scores.

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