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Table 5 Reported mean and/or Cronbach's alpha values on the Barrier Scale subscales nurse, setting, research, and presentation (n = 35).

From: The BARRIERS scale -- the barriers to research utilization scale: A systematic review

Authors

Sample

Nurse

(8 items)

m

Setting

(8 items)

m

Research

(6 items)

m

Presentation

(6 items)

m

Cronbach's alpha

Funk et al. 1991

Nurses

2.56

3.00

2.29

2.72

0.65-0.80

Funk et al. 1995

Adm

2.78

2.86

2.35

2.80

0.65-0.80

Barta 1995

Educators

2.98

2.91

2.23

2.67

0.55-0.79

Carroll et al. 1997

Mixed

2.3

2.7

2.2

2.6

0.67-0.81

Lynn and Moore 1997

NM

2.41

2.56

2.75

3.11

Not

reported

Bobo 1997

PreIG

2.85

3.06

3.04

2.56

Not

reported

 

PreCG

2.91

3.30

3.31

2.83

 
 

PostIG

2.50

2.83

3.19

2.22

 
 

PostCG

2.84

3.23

3.14

2.88

 

Dunn et al. 1997

Nurses

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Not

reported

0.4760-0.7796

Greene 1997

Nurses

1.42

1.72

1.24

1.39

0.69-0.83

Rutledge et al. 1998

Nurses

NM

1.82

2.60

2.52

2.69

2.04

2.23

2.53

2.58

0.69-0.79

Nilsson Kajermo et al. 1998

RN

2.2

2.7

2.1

2.6

0.81-0.87

Parahoo 2000

Mixed

2.31

2.73

2.26

2.44

0.8368-0.8957

Nilsson Kajermo et al. 2000

Educators

2.5

2.7

1.8

2.6

 
 

Stud

2.4

2.8

2.1

2.6

0.64-0.94

 

Adm

2.6

2.5

2.1

2.7

 

Oranta et al. 2002

RN

2.35

2.72

2.28

2.62

0.7193-0.8080

Sommer 2003

RN

2.38

2.93

2.39

2.60

0.71-0.85

Mountcastle 2003

CNS

2.73

2.85

2.52

2.40

Not

reported

McCleary and Brown

2003

Paediatric nurses

2.29

2.61

2.39

2.63

0.88-0.93

Carrion et al. 2004

RNs

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Not

reported

0.67-0.83

Carolan Doerflinger 2004

Adm

2.55

2.55

2.52

2.62

Not

reported

Hommelstad and Ruland 2004

Nurses

2.2

2.8

2.5

2.6

0.67-0.74

Glacken and Chaney

2004

RN

2.54

3.09

2.31

2.64

Not

reported

Patiraki et al. 2004

Nurses

2.18

2.85

2.82

2.91

0.67-0.81

LaPierre et al. 2004

Nurses

2.58

3.15

2.72

2.70

0.47-0.83

Nilsson Kajermo 2004

RN

2.2

2.8

2.1

2.6

0.69-0.83

Fink et al. 2005

Pre

Post

2.38

2.26

2.76

2.61

2.17

2.14

2.65

2.57

0.67-0.80

0.58-0.79

Ashley 2005

Critical care nurses

2.44

2.87

2.23

2.51

0.706-0.818

Baernholdt 2005

Chief govern-ment nursing officers

1.42

1.86

1.91

2.03

0.57-0.77

Karkos and Peters 2006

Nurses

2.25

2.63

2.12

2.48

Not

reported

Thompson et al. 2006

RN

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Not

reported

0.63-0.84

Atkinson and Turkel 2008

RN

2.23

2.61

2.16

2.38

Not

reported

Boström et al. 2008

RN

2.19

2.71

2.17

2.62

0.67-0.78

Chau et al. 2008

RN

2.63

3.00

2.63

2.74

0.71-0.93

Oh 2008

RN, NM

2.17

2.60

2.24

2.59

0.71-0.84

Brown et al. 2009

Nurses

2.28

2.63

2.16

2.39

0.67-0.82

Schoonover 2009

RN

2.35

2.88

2.05

2.53

Not

reported

Strickland and O'Leary-Kelly 2009

Educators

2.80

2.94

2.19

2.64

Not

reported

  1. RN = registered nurses, NM = nurse managers, Stud = Nurse students, Adm = administrators, CNS = clinical. specialist nurses
  2. PreIG = pretest intervention group, PreCG = pretest control group, PostIG = posttest intervention group, PostCG = pretest intervention group.
  3. The highest and lowest values on each subscale are bolded.